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in subjects: "Calcium Compounds"

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Chemistry and mineralogy of samples from the strategic petroleum reserve Bryan Mound site

The goal of the Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) program is to protect the United States from a temporary cutoff of imported crude oil by stockpiling a reserve of oil in caverns in Gulf Coast salt domes. Some suitable caverns already exist as a result of solution mining activities by commercial mining companies. Most of the caverns for the program, however, will be solution mined specifically for the SPR program. The tasks assigned to Sandia National Laboratories include conducting a geotechni… more

Date: August 1, 1980

Creator: Bild, R. W.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Statistically designed experiment to determine the effect of non homogeneity on NDA measurements for plutonium. [Segmented Gamma-Scan Assay System]

A statistically designed experiment to determine any significant bias associated with the NDA assay of plutonium-bearing materials was performed. For this experiment, a series of NDA plutonium standards consisting of anhydrous calcium sulfate (drierite) and silicon dioxide (sea sand) with varying degrees of homogeneity and plutonium content were prepared. All standards were analyzed nondestructively for plutonium content by the Segmented Gamma-Scan Assay System (SGSAS). Statistical evaluation o… more

Date: January 1, 1977

Creator: Schilling, A. E.; McRae, L. P.; Shepard, D. F.; Furner, G. T. & Sebelien, D. A.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Theoretical approach for enhanced mass transfer effects in-duct flue gas desulfurization processes

Bench-scale and pilot-scale experiments have been conducted to measure the mass transfer and kinetic rates at simulated duct injection conditions. Section 2 describes the tank reactor test results. The stirred tank reactor was used to study absorption of SO{sub 2} into saturated Ca(OH){sub 2} solutions with varied ionic strengths. The results of current experiments were compared with previous tests using saturated Ca(OH){sub 2} solution and 0.1 M CaCl{sub 2}. Section 3 summarizes the status of … more

Date: January 18, 1990

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Computed solid phases limiting the concentration of dissolved constituents in basalt aquifers of the Columbia Plateau in eastern Washington. Geochemical modeling and nuclide/rock/groundwater interaction studies

A speciation-solubility geochemical model, WATEQ2, was used to analyze geographically-diverse, ground-water samples from the aquifers of the Columbia Plateau basalts in eastern Washington. The ground-water samples compute to be at equilibrium with calcite, which provides both a solubility control for dissolved calcium and a pH buffer. Amorphic ferric hydroxide, Fe(OH)/sub 3/(A), is at saturation or modestly oversaturated in the few water samples with measured redox potentials. Most of the groun… more

Date: August 1, 1982

Creator: Deutsch, W. J.; Jenne, E. A. & Krupka, K. M.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Processing and properties of silver-clad Tl-Ba-Ca-Cu-O wires and tapes

TlBa{sub 2}Ca{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub x} and Tl{sub 2}Ba{sub 2}Ca{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub x} powders were synthesized, loaded into Ag tubes, and worked into wires and tapes by drawing and rolling. All processing outside of furnaces was in a dry-N{sub 2} glovebox. All heat treatments were performed in O{sub 2}. The Ag-clad wires fabricated from these powders exhibited onset of superconductivity at {approx}118 K and critical current densities at 77K of 2{times}10{sup 3} to 4{times}10{sup 3} A/cm{sup 2}. more

Date: March 1, 1992

Creator: Goretta, K.C.; Wu, C.T.; Lanagan, M.T.; Boling, M.A.; Shi, D.; Miller, D.J. et al.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Mechanisms of the oxidation of metals and alloys with emphasis on superconductors

Research work performed at M.I.T. under this contract has had two major thrusts. One thrust deals with the oxidation processing of, and phase transformations in, the Yb{sub n}Ba{sub 2n}Cu{sub 3n+n}O{sub x} (n = 1, 2, {infinity}) superconducting oxide system while the second thrust deals with the optimization of the properties of oxidation processed Bi{sub 2}Sr{sub 2}Ca{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub y}/Ag superconducting microcomposites.

Date: January 1, 1991

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Catalyst dispersion and activity under conditions of temperature- staged liquefaction

The general objectives of this research are (1) to investigate the use of highly dispersed catalysts for the pretreatment of coal by mild hydrogenation, (2) to identify the active forms of the catalysts under reaction conditions and (3) to clarify the mechanisms of catalysis. The ultimate objective is to ascertain if mild catalytic hydrogenation resulting in very limited or no coal solubilization is an advantageous pretreatment for the transformation of coal into transportable fuels. The experi… more

Date: September 1, 1991

Creator: Davis, A.; Schobert, H.H.; Mitchell, G.D. & Artok, L.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Characteristics of American coals in relation to their conversion into clean-energy fuels. Final report. [1150 samples of US coals]

To further characterize the Nation's coals, the Penn State Coal Sample Bank and Data Base were expanded to include a total of 1150 coal samples. The Sample Bank includes full-seam channel samples as well as samples of lithotypes, seam benches, and sub-seam sections. To the extent feasible and appropriate basic compositional data were generated for each sample and validated and computerized. These data include: proximate analysis, ultimate analysis, sulfur forms analysis, calorific value, macera… more

Date: June 1, 1982

Creator: Spackman, W.; Davis, A.; Walker, P. L.; Lovell, H. L.; Vastola, F. J.; Given, P. H. et al.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Metal sulfite/sulfate reactions in thermochemical hydrogen cycles

The thermochemical cycles which have been most extensively developed all involve the thermal decomposition of sulfuric acid which is corrosive. Metal sulfate cycles have been studied as a means of circumventing handling corrosive mixtures at high temperatures. However, these metal sulfate cycles still use an electrochemical step to produce H/sub 2/. Alternate H/sub 2/ producing steps to be used in conjunction with metal sulfates are examined.

Date: January 1, 1980

Creator: Mason, C.F.V. & Bowman, M.G.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Deposition of CaCO/sub 3/ in porous materials by flashing geothermal fluid

Deposition of CaCO/sub 3/ from natural geothermal fluid was studied by using porous substrates made from several granular materials. These experiments aimed to explore connections between the process of steam flash from superheated CO/sub 2/-charged water and the consequent changes in the carbonate chemical equilibria. The substrates were characterized pre- and post-experiment. Flow rates and compositions of input and output fluids were determined. The resultant CaCO/sub 3/ deposits were examin… more

Date: April 1, 1980

Creator: Michels, D.E.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Clay mineralogy and depositional history of the Frio Formation in two geopressured wells, Brazoria County, Texas

Twenty-three shale samples ranging in depth from 5194 ft to 13,246 ft from Gulf Oil Corporation No. 2 Texas State Lease 53034 well and 33 shale samples ranging in depth from 2185 ft to 15,592 ft from General Crude Oil Company/Department of Energy No. 1 Pleasant Bayou well were examined by x-ray techniques to determine the mineralogy of the geopressured zone in the Brazoria Fairway. Both wells have similar weight-percent trends with depth for a portion of the mineralogy. Calcite decreases, and p… more

Date: January 1, 1982

Creator: Freed, R.L.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Effects of alternate fuels. Report No. 2. Analysis of basic refractories degraded by residual oil combustion products

Industrial conversion in the U.S. to alternate fuels from natural gas is presently under way and will accelerate rapidly as a result of gas curtailments and National policy considerations. Currently the prime alternate fuels are distillate and residual oils and coal. Conversion to residual oils or coal for high-temperature process heat applications is anticipated to result in accelerated refractory and insulation corrosion and degradation due to reactions between fuel impurities and the ceramic… more

Date: February 1, 1978

Creator: Wei, G. C. & Tennery, V. J.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Surface electrochemical control for the fine coal and pyrite separation

Ongoing work includes the characterization of coal pyrites, the floatability evaluation of typical US coal samples, the flotation behavior of coal pyrites, the electrochemical measurement of the surface properties of coal pyrites, and the characterization of species produced at pyrite surfaces.

Date: January 1, 1989

Creator: Chen, Wanxiong; Hu, Weibai; Wann, Jyi-Perng; Zhu, Ximeng; Wadsworth, M. E. & Bodily, D. M.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

A Novel Coal Feeder for Production of Low Sulfur Fuel

A dual-screw feeder was designed and tested for desulfurization of coal. The key parts of this reactor are two screw tubes which independently feed coal and calcined lime, the inner tube acting as a coal pyrolizer and the outer tube acting as a desulfurizer with hot calcined lime pellets or other renewable sorbent pellets. The objective of this project is to study the feasibility of this advanced concept of desulfurization using the coal feeder. In this quarter, the following tasks have been pe… more

Date: January 1, 1992

Creator: Khang, S. J.; Keener, T. & Lin, L.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Corrosion resistance of iron aluminides

Iron aluminides are being developed for use as structural materials and/or cladding alloys in fossil energy systems. Extensive development has been in progress on Fe{sub 3}Al-based alloys to improve their engineering ductility. This paper describes the corrosion performance of these alloys, determined at Argonne Naitonal Laboratory, in environments that simulate coal gasification and fluidized-bed combustion. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was conducted at temperatures of 650--1000{degrees}C … more

Date: April 1, 1992

Creator: Natesan, K.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Fundamental studies of catalytic gasification

The major purpose of this project was to finding catalysts which will permit steam gasification of carbonaceous material at reasonable rates and at lower temperatures than currently practiced. This quarter, experiments with steam gasification of graphite were performed. Catalysts studied were potassium, calcium, and nickel oxides. Reaction kinetics are discussed. 28 refs., 34 figs., 8 tabs.

Date: June 1, 1991

Creator: Heinemann, H. & Somorjai, G.A.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Scaleup tests and supporting research for the development of duct injection technology

Gilbert Commonwealth, Southern Research Institute and the American Electric Power Service Corporation have embarked on a program to convert DOE's Duct Injection Test Facility located at the Muskingum River Power Plant of Ohio Power Company to test alternate duct injection technologies. The technologies to be tested include slurry sorbent injection of hydrated lime using dual fluid nozzles, or a rotary atomizer and pneumatic injection of hydrated lime, with flue gas humidification before or afte… more

Date: May 1, 1989

Creator: Gooch, J. P.; Dismukes, E. B.; Dahlin, R. S.; Faulkner, M. G.; Klett, M. G.; Buchanan, T. L. et al.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Molecular mechanisms of the epithelial transport of toxic metal ions, particularly mercury, cadmium, lead, arsenic, zinc, and copper. Progress report, January 1, 1979-December 31, 1979. [Ca; Pb; cockerels]

The mechanism of lead transport is presented, and especially the particular similarities or dissimilarities between lead and calcium in this process. The absorption of these metals was determined cockerels, raised on a commercial diet or on a specified diet, using in vivo ligated loop procedure. The dose administered into the loop contained 0.5 ..mu..Ci /sup 203/Pb (and/or 0.1 ..mu..Ci /sup 47/Ca), and 0.01 mM lead acetate (and/or mM CaCl/sub 2/) in 0.5 ml 0.15 M NaCl,pH 6.5. It was shown that … more

Date: January 1, 1979

Creator: Wasserman, R H

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Laboratory evaluation of limestone and lime neutralization of acidic uranium mill tailings solution. Progress report

Experiments were conducted to evaluate a two-step neutralization scheme for treatment of acidic uranium mill tailings solutions. Tailings solutions from the Lucky Mc Mill and Exxon Highland Mill, both in Wyoming, were neutralized with limestone, CaCO/sub 3/, to an intermediate pH of 4.0 or 5.0, followed by lime, Ca(OH)/sub 2/, neutralization to pH 7.3. The combination limestone/lime treatment methods, CaCO/sub 3/ neutralization to pH 4 followed by neutralization with Ca(OH)/sub 2/ to pH 7.3 res… more

Date: February 1, 1984

Creator: Opitz, B.E.; Dodson, M.E. & Serne, R.J.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Oil-shale-retorting and combustion system. [DOE patent application]

The present invention is directed to the extraction of energy values from oil shale containing considerable concentrations of calcium carbonate in an efficient manner. The volatiles are separated from the oil shale in a retorting zone of a fluidized bed where the temperature and the concentration of oxygen are maintained at sufficiently low levels so that the volatiles are extracted from the oil shale with minimal combustion of the volatiles and with minimal calcination of the calcium carbonate… more

Date: August 28, 1981

Creator: Pitrolo, Augustine A.; Mei, Joseph S. & Shang, Jerry Y.

Item Type: Patent

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Some reduced ternary and quaternary oxides of molybdenum containing strong metal-metal bonds. [Molybdates of ScZn, LiZn, Zn, Ba, and Na]

ScZnMo/sub 3/O/sub 8/, LiZn/sub 2/Mo/sub 3/O/sub 8/, and Zn/sub 3/Mo/sub 3/O/sub 8/ were synthesized and crystal structures were determined for the latter two. These oxides contain the same type of triangular molybdenum atom clusters found in Zn/sub 2/Mo/sub 3/O/sub 8/, but each of the trimeric clusters has available one or two additional electrons for participation in metal-metal bonding. Another new ternary oxide containing discrete metal atom clusters is Ba/sub 1/ /sub 14/Mo/sub 8/O/sub 16/.… more

Date: October 1, 1981

Creator: Torardi, C.C.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Microwave characterization of high-temperature superconductors

Thick (10-15 {mu}m) Tl-Ba-Ca-Cu-O films have been deposited onto yttria-stabilized zirconia and Ag substrates by d.c. magnetron sputtering techniques. Direct deposition onto 1'' diameter yttria-stabilized zirconia yields films with typical 22 GHz surface resistance (R{sub s}) values of 5.2 {plus minus} 2 m{Omega} and 52 {plus minus} 2 m{Omega} at 10 K and 77 K, respectively. For comparison, R{sub s} of Cu at this same frequency is 10 m{Omega} at 4 K and 22 m{Omega} at 77 K. Tl-Ba-Ca-Cu-O films … more

Date: January 1, 1989

Creator: Cooke, D. W.; Gray, E. R.; Arendt, P. N.; Beery, J. G.; Bennett, B. L.; Brown, D. R. et al.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Influence of chemical characterization of oil shale solids on understanding water quality impacts

Synfuels technologies will yield products and effluents that are a function of the raw material being processed and the process variables. Chemical and mineralogic characterization of solids generated in synfuels production provide valuable insight into health and environmental impacts associated with synfuels processing (coal liquefaction or gasification and shale oil extraction). This report deals with considerations relating to leachate generation from solid wastes, but the suggested researc… more

Date: January 1, 1981

Creator: Peterson, E. J. & Wagner, P.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Geologic mapping of the air intake shaft at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant

The air intake shaft (AS) was geologically mapped from the surface to the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) facility horizon. The entire shaft section including the Mescalero Caliche, Gatuna Formation, Santa Rosa Formation, Dewey Lake Redbeds, Rustler Formation, and Salado Formation was geologically described. The air intake shaft (AS) at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) site was constructed to provide a pathway for fresh air into the underground repository and maintain the desired press… more

Date: December 1, 1990

Creator: Holt, R.M. & Powers, D.W. (IT Corporation (USA))

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department