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Indium phosphide/cadmium sulfide thin-film solar cells. Quarterly technical progress report No. 3, December 1979-April 1980

Description: Thin films (approx. 1 ..mu..m thick) and large grains (approx. 40 x 40 ..mu..m) of InP were epitaxially deposited on low-cost recrystallized CdS (RXCdS) substrates at 280/sup 0/C by planar reactive deposition. At 380/sup 0/C, a 0.4- to 1.0-..mu..m-thick In-Cd-S transition layer between the InP and the RXCdS degrades the quality of the InP epitaxy. However, p-type InP films were prepared at this temperature by Be-doping and capping the entire RXCdS substrate with InP. Large grains of CdTe (appro… more
Date: June 1, 1980
Creator: Zanio, K.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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An update on environmental, health and safety issues of interest to the photovoltaic industry

Description: There is growing interest in the environmental, health, and safety issues related to new photovoltaic technologies as they approach commercialization. Such issues include potential toxicity of II--VI compounds; the impacts of new environmental regulations on module manufacturers; and, the need for recycling of spent modules and manufacturing wastes. This paper will review these topics. 20 refs.
Date: January 1, 1992
Creator: Moskowitz, P. D.; Viren, J. & Fthenakis, V. M.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Thin film cadmium telluride solar cells. Final technical report, July 1, 1979-August 31, 1980

Description: Efforts during this program have been directed to the construction of apparatus for the chemical vapor deposition of cadmium telluride films, the selection and preparation of substrates, the deposition and characterization of cadmium telluride films, and the fabrication and characterization of solar cells. Cadmium telluride films have been deposited on a number of substrates by the direct combination of cadmium and tellurium on the substrate surface at 500/sup 0/C or higher at rates of up to 0.… more
Date: August 1, 1980
Creator: Chu, T. L.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Controlled cadmium telluride thin films for solar cells applications. First quarterly report, June 1, 1980-September 1, 1980

Description: During the first quarter of this renewed program, efforts have been extended mainly to set up a new ion beam sputtering system that would replace our existing r.f. sputtering system for the fabrication of doped CdTe thin films for solar cell applications. Preliminary attempts with this new equipment resulted in films with rather large grain size (0.8..mu.. - 1..mu..m) at an elevated substrate temperature. While this in itself is encouraging, certain difficulties were confronted in achieving the… more
Date: September 1, 1980
Creator: Das, M. B. & Krishnaswamy, S. V.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Electrochemical photovoltaic cells/stabilization and optimization of II-VI semiconductors. First technical progress report, 15 April 1980-30 June 1980

Description: The overall goal of this program is to provide the basis for designing a practical electrochemical solar cell based on the II-VI compound semiconductors. Emphasis is on developing new electrolyte redox systems and electrode surface modifications which will stabilize the II-VI compounds against photodissolution without seriously degrading the long-term solar response. The bulk electrode material properties are also being optimized to provide the maximum solar conversion efficiency and greatest i… more
Date: July 20, 1980
Creator: Noufi, R.; Tench, D. & Warren, L.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Commercializatzon of thick film solar cells. Quarterly progress report, September 21, 1979-December 31, 1979

Description: Starting materials for the preparation of thick film cadmium sulfide and cadmium telluride solar cells have been comminuted. Initial trial films of cadmium sulfide showed that during the next phase of this work, the printing of films, one of the major problem areas will be to obtain sufficient reflow in the printed films to remove the screen-caused variation in film thickness. The thin areas corresponding to the screen pattern caused pinholes to form in the fired parts.
Date: January 1, 1979
Creator: McDonald, G.D. & Goodman, G.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Commercialization of thick film solar cell. Final technical report, 9/15/79-9/14/80

Description: Films of cadmium sulfide and cadmium telluride have been produced by screen printing and sintering. Cadmium sulfide films ten microns thick had a resistivity in the 10 ohm-cm range. A technique was developed for forming a cadmium telluride layer on top of a cadmium sulfide layer. Process control and device preparation are areas requiring further study.
Date: January 1, 1980
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Emerging materials for solar cell applications. First quarter report, February 15-May 31, 1979

Description: Work to develop the theory controlling the electroplating of a compound semiconductor on a transparent, conductive substrate and to demonstrate operative solar cells using the approach is reported. The current program is divided essentially into three paralleled team efforts. The first effort centers on refining the electroplating process at Monosolar so thicker and more uniform layers of p- or n-type cadmium telluride can be plated on both In/sub 2/O/sub 3/:Sn- and Ni- coated substrates. 1 ..m… more
Date: June 15, 1979
Creator: Rod, R.L.; Shkedi, Z.; Bunshah, R. & Stafsudd, O.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Controlled cadmium telluride thin films for solar cell applications. Emerging materials systems for solar cell applications. Quarterly progress report No. 2, July 9-October 8, 1979

Description: Numerous cadmium telluride films with excess Cd or Te have been prepared by controlled rf sputtering technique and characterized. It is found that slight excess of Cd or Te affects the structure, as well as the electrical resistivity of the film, markedly. Ohmic contacts with fairly low contact resistance have been achieved on Cd-rich specimens.
Date: November 1, 1979
Creator: Vedam, K
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Module process optimization and device efficiency improvement for stable, low-cost, large-area, cadmium telluride-based photovoltaic module production

Description: This report describes work under a three-year phased subcontract to develop CdS/CdTe devices and modules and to further improve the technology base at Photon Energy, Inc. (PEI) to better address the commercialization issues and objectives of the PEI and the US Department of Energy. During this reporting period we (1) achieved efficiencies of 12.7% on small area devices, (2) achieved 1-ft{sup 2} modules with over 8% aperture-area efficiency (and active area efficiencies up to {approximately}10%)… more
Date: April 1, 1992
Creator: Albright, S. P.; Ackerman, B.; Chamberlin, R. R. & Jordan, J. F.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Photovoltaic Subcontract Program, FY 1991

Description: This report summarizes the fiscal year (FY) 1991 (October 1, 1990, through September 30, 1991) progress of the subcontracted photovoltaic (PV) research and development (R D) performed under the Photovoltaic Advanced Research and Development Project at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) -- formerly the Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI). The mission of the national PV program is to develop PV technology for large-scale generation of economically competitive electric power in the… more
Date: March 1, 1992
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Thin film cadmium telluride, zinc telluride, and mercury zinc telluride solar cells

Description: This report describes research to demonstrate (1) thin film cadmium telluride solar cells with a quantum efficiency of 75% or higher at 0. 44 {mu}m and a photovoltaic efficiency of 11.5% or greater, and (2) thin film zinc telluride and mercury zinc telluride solar cells with a transparency to sub-band-gap radiation of 65% and a photovoltaic conversion efficiency of 5% and 8%, respectively. Work was directed at (1) depositing transparent conducting semiconductor films by solution growth and meta… more
Date: April 1, 1992
Creator: Chu, T.L. (University of South Florida, Tampa, FL (United States))
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Controlled cadmium telluride thin films for solar cell applications (emerging materials systems for solar cell applications). Final technical report, April 9, 1979-April 8, 1980

Description: After a brief review of the work done during the first three quarters, the work done during the last quarter is discussed in detail. In brief, CdTe sputtered self-doped and indium-doped n-type layers on Ni-film on glass have been investigated for film resistivity, contact resistance, Hall mobility and Schottky barrier diode characteristics. Ni has been found to provide satisfactory ohmic contacts and self-doped samples have indicated Hall mobility of approximately 8cm/sup 2//Vsec when the effec… more
Date: June 1, 1980
Creator: Vedam, K; Das, M B & Krishnaswamy, S V
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Thin film cadmium telluride solar cells. Final technical report for period July 1, 1979-August 31, 1980

Description: The objectives of this contract are to investigate thin films of cadmium telluride on low cost substrates and to determine the feasibility of using these films for high efficiency solar cells. Efforts during this program have been directed to the construction of apparatus for the chemical vapor deposition of cadmium telluride films, the selection and preparation of substrates, the deposition and characterization of cadmium telluride films, and the fabrication and characterization of solar cells… more
Date: August 1, 1980
Creator: Chu, T. L.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Emerging materials for solar cell applications: electrodeposited CdTe. Final report, February 14, 1979-February 14, 1980

Description: Thin film gold/polycrystalline cadmium telluride Schottky solar cells made by electrodepositing the semiconductor on an ITO-coated glass substrate serving also as an ohmic contact demonstrated an internal efficiency of 4% over 2 mm/sup 2/ areas. During the year being reported upon, Monosolar devoted mator attention to refining the electroplating process and determining the parameters governing CdTe film stoichiometry, grain size, substrate adhesion, and quality. UCLA acting as a Monosolar sub-c… more
Date: May 15, 1980
Creator: Rod, R.L.; Bunshah, R.; Stafsudd, O.; Basol, B.M. & Nath, P.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Excitons in semiconducting superlattices, quantum wells, and ternary alloys

Description: Semiconducting layered structures can now be fabricated with precisely defined layer thicknesses down to one monolayer. An example is the superlattice'' (SL) structure, in which to semiconductors with different band gaps are interleaved. The electronic and optical properties of the SL are quite different from those of the constitutents and offer interesting new possibilities both in device design and in basic physics. This proposal aims to improve our understanding of optically excited states i… more
Date: June 1, 1992
Creator: Sturge, M.D. (Dartmouth Coll., Hanover, NH (United States). Dept. of Physics); Nahory, R.E. & Tamargo, M.C. (Bellcore, Red Bank, NJ (United States))
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Low cost sprayed CdTe solar cell research. First quarterly progress report, 15 August-14 November 1979

Description: During the first quarter of this contract, facilities for the spray pyrolysis deposition of CdTe thin films using a process anolagous to that used to spray deposit device-quality films of CdS were prepared. A Te salt, ..beta..-(CH/sub 3/)/sub 2/TeI/sub 2/, suitable for use in the spray process was synthesized. The facilities were shown to function properly by the successful spraying of good quality CdS thin films. A number of initial spray experiments were conducted utilizing the ..beta..-(CH/s… more
Date: December 1, 1979
Creator: Sienkiewicz, P.; Lis, S.; Serreze, H. B. & Entine, G.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Thin film cadmium telluride photovoltaic cells

Description: This report describes research to develop to vacuum-based growth techniques for CdTe thin-film solar cells: (1) laser-driven physical vapor deposition (LDPVD) and (2) radio-frequency (rf) sputtering. The LDPVD process was successfully used to deposit thin films of CdS, CdTe, and CdCl{sub 2}, as well as related alloys and doped semiconductor materials. The laser-driven deposition process readily permits the use of several target materials in the same vacuum chamber and, thus, complete solar cell… more
Date: April 1, 1992
Creator: Compaan, A. & Bohn, R. (Toledo Univ., OH (United States))
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Photoelectronic properties of zinc phosphide crystals, films and heterojunctions. Quarterly progress report No. 1, February 26-June 30, 1979

Description: A closed tube method has been developed for the synthesis of Zn/sub 3/P/sub 2/ from the elements which eliminates the potential dangers associated with high P pressures. Subsequent materials synthesis will be done routinely by this method. Initial efforts at single crystal growth of Zn/sub 3/P/sub 2/ from this material yielded polycrystalline material because of nucleation along the walls of the tube. Techniques for improving the situation are being tested. Wafers of large-grain polycrystaline … more
Date: July 1, 1979
Creator: Bube, R.H.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Preparation and properties of evaporated CdTe films compared with single-crystal CdTe. Progress report no. 6, February 1, 1982-April 30, 1982

Description: Films of n-type CdTe:In have been deposited by hot-wall vacuum evaporation (HWVE) on 7059 glass substrates, BaF/sub 2/ single crystal substrates, metal (Pt, Cr, Mo, Al) coated glass substrates, and single crystal p-type CdTe substrates. Films deposited on 7059 glass show typically a dark resistivity of 2 x 10/sup 5/ ohm-cm and a light resistivity of 3 x 10/sup 2/ ohm-cm. With increasing In source temperature, the resistivity decreases, but actually increases slightly again if the T/sub In/ is r… more
Date: January 1, 1982
Creator: Bube, R H
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Preparation and properties of evaporated CdTe films compared with single crystal CdTe. Progress report No. 4, August 1-October 31, 1981

Description: The hot-wall vacuum evaporation system is nearly complete and the first films are expected in early December. CdTe homojunction cells were theoretically modelled and to some extent tested experimentally using the n-type CdTe film on p-type CdTe crystal homojunction cells previously deposited at Linz. Modelling emphasizes the known importance of surface recombination velocity for such homojunction cells. The n-type layer on the experimental cell was thinned by etching from 5 micrometers to 1.5 m… more
Date: unknown
Creator: Bube, R H
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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High efficiency thin film CdTe solar cells. Second quarterly progress report, June 19-September 18, 1979

Description: During the second quarter of this program primary emphasis was put into depositing and evaluating both n and p-type CdTe films on a variety of conducting and non-conducting substrates. Improvements in the deposition apparatus permitted preparation of a large number of CdTe films and numerous analytic techniques available at Tufts University were utilized to examine these films. It was found that the introduction of a thin (100 A). In layer between the ITO and the CdTe significantly reduced the … more
Date: October 1, 1979
Creator: Serreze, H. B.; Entine, G. & Goldner, R. B.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Thin film cadmium telluride solar cells. Technical progress report No. 2, October 1-December 31, 1979

Description: The objectives of this contract are to investigate thin films of cadmium telluride on low cost substrates and to demonstrate the feasibility of producing thin film cells with a conversion efficiency of 10% or higher. The chemical vapor deposition of cadmium telluride films on foreign substrates by the direct combination of the elements has been further investigated. Inert substrates such as graphite and tungsten/graphite are not suitable for the deposition of device quality cadmium telluride fi… more
Date: January 1, 1980
Creator: Chu, T. L.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Controlled cadmium telluride thin films for solar cell applications (emerging materials systems for solar cell applications). Quarterly progress report No. 3, October 9, 1979-January 8, 1980

Description: The main emphasis during the third quarter of the program was on the improvement of the quality of sputtered films, their characterization and use in the fabrication of Schottky barrier type diodes and solar cell structures. Films prepared under different conditions and on different substrates were examined by SEM showing nodular growths under certain conditions. I-V, C-V and photovoltaic characteristics were measured on numerous samples based on n- and p-type films on Ni substrates having top … more
Date: February 1, 1980
Creator: Vedam, K; Das, M B & Krishnaswamy, S V
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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