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in subjects: "Building Equipment"

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The Energy Saving Potential of Precooling Incoming Outdoor Air by Indirect Evaporative Cooling

This paper investigates the energy saving potentials of using indirect evaporative coolers to precool incoming outdoor air as the first stage of a standard cooling system. For dry and moderately humid locations, either exhaust room air or outdoor air can be used as the secondary air to the indirect evaporative precooler with similar energy savings. Under these conditions, the use of outdoor air is recommended due to the simplicity in installing the duct system. For humid locations, the use of e… more

Date: September 1992

Creator: Chen, P.; Qin, H.; Huang, Y. J.; Wu, H. & Blumstein, C.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Solubility, viscosity and density of refrigerant/lubricant mixtures. Quarterly technical progress report, 1 October--31 December 1992

This report presents results on low refrigerant concentration (70, 80, 90, and 100 weight percent lubricant) mixtures of the following fluids: CFC-12/ISO 32 naphthenic mineral oil; HCFC-22/ISO 32 naphthenic mineral oil; and HFC-134a/ISO 32 pentaerythritol ester mixed acid. These data have been reduced to engineering form and are presented in the form of a Daniel Chart. Scatter diagrams are given for the first fluid listed above, with the intent of illustrating the quality of data as well as pro… more

Date: January 1, 1993

Creator: Henderson, D. R.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Materials compatibility and lubricants research on CFC-refrigerant substitutes. Quarterly technical progress report, 1 October 1992--31 December 1992

The materials Compatibility and Lubricants Research (MCLR) program supports critical research to accelerate the introduction of CFC-refrigerant substitutes. The MCLR program addresses refrigerant and lubricant properties and materials compatibility. The primary elements of the work include data collection and dissemination, materials compatibility testing, and methods development. The work is guided by an Advisory committee consisting of technical experts from the refrigeration and air-conditio… more

Date: January 1, 1993

Creator: Hourahan, G. C. & Szymurski, S. R.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Advanced heat pump cycle for district heating and cooling systems. Second quarterly progress report

A new scheme to significantly improve the performance of the two stage vapor compression cycle by eliminating the rectifier was first investigated with the help of computer simulation, and then incorporated in the experimental setup. Simulation results show that the cycle with a bleed line (modified cycle without the rectifier) has 20 to 30% higher cooling COP as compared to the cycle with the rectifier. It is important to note that this improvement in COP is accompanied by 10 to 15% increase i… more

Date: October 1, 1991

Creator: Radermacher, R.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Validation of a PC based program for single stage absorption heat pump. Final report

An interactive computer code was developed to evaluate single stage absorption heat pump performance for temperature amplifier and heat amplifier modes using water as the refrigerant. This program performs the cycle calculations for single stage cycles based on the polynomial expressions developed to correlate experimental vapor-liquid-equilibrium (VLE) and specific enthalpy-concentration data for LiBr/water and (Li, K, Na)NO{sub 3}/water systems as well as the properties of pure water. The ope… more

Date: September 1, 1991

Creator: Zaltash, A. & Ally, M. R.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Research and development needs for desiccant cooling technology 1992--1997. (Supplement to the NREL report, Desiccant Cooling: State-of-the-Art Assessment)

This report is a supplement to Desiccant Cooling: State-of-the-Art Assessment (NREL/TP-254-4147, DE93000013). In this supplement document we have described a detailed program assuming sufficient funding to implement the R&D activities needed. Desiccant dehumidification is a mature technology for industrial applications, and in recent years the technology has been used for air conditioning a number of institutional and commercial buildings. Our proposal is based on argumentative discussions at v… more

Date: December 1, 1992

Creator: Pesaran, A. A.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Evaluation of design options for improving the energy efficiency of an environmentally safe domestic refrigerator-freezer

In order to reduce greenhouse emissions from power plants and respond to regulatory actions arising from the National Appliance Energy Conservation Act (NAECA), several design options were investigated for improving the energy efficiency of a conventionally designed, domestic refrigerator-freezer. The options, such as improved cabinet insulation and high-efficiency compressor and fans, were incorporated into a prototype refrigerator-freezer cabinet and refrigeration system to produce a unit tha… more

Date: March 1, 1995

Creator: Vineyard, E. A.; Sand, J. R. & Bohman, R. H.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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1992-1993 Bonneville Appliance Efficiency Program: Showerhead evaluation. Volume I - report

The Bonneville Power Administration (Bonneville) provides wholesale electric power to over 100 retail distribution utilities in the Pacific Northwest. Bonneville is faced with meeting growing loads from these utilities. It acquires conservation as one means of meeting this load growth. Bonneville has offered a variety of conservation programs since 1980. Efficient showerheads have been a feature in residential conservation programs ever since. Bonneville launched the Residential Appliance Effic… more

Date: January 1, 1995

Creator: Warwick, W. M.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Thermophysical properties. Quarterly report, 1 July 1992--30 September 1992

Numerous fluids have been identified as promising alternative refrigerants, but much of the information needed to predict their behavior as pure fluids and as components in mixtures does not exist. In particular, reliable thermophysical properties data and models are needed to predict the performance of the new refrigerants in heating and cooling equipment, and to design and optimize equipment to be reliable and energy efficient. Objective of this project is to provide highly accurate, selected… more

Date: October 1, 1992

Creator: Kayser, R. F.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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A review of vacuum insulation research and development in the Building Materials Group of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory

This report is a summary of the development work on flat-vacuum insulation performed by the Building Materials Group (BMG) in the Metals and Ceramics Division of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) during the last two years. A historical review of the technology of vacuum insulation is presented, and the role that ORNL played in this development is documented. The ORNL work in vacuum insulation has been concentrated in Powder-filled Evacuated Panels (PEPs) that have a thermal resistivity o… more

Date: September 1, 1991

Creator: Kollie, T. G.; McElroy, D. L.; Fine, H. A.; Childs, K. W.; Graves, R. S. & Weaver, F. J.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Compatibility of Refrigerants and Lubricants With Elastomers. Quarterly Report, 1 July 1992--30 September 1992

Information contained in this report is designed to assist the air-conditioning and refrigeration industry in the selection of suitable elastomeric gasket and seal materials that will prove useful in various refrigerant and refrigeration lubricant environments. 97% of the swell measurements have been made to date. The other 3% of the measurements are contingent on the availability of additional quantities of R-32. Swell behavior in the fluids have been determined using weight and in situ diamet… more

Date: October 1, 1992

Creator: Hamed, G. R. & Seiple, R. H.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Measurement of thermal regain in duct systems located in partially conditioned buffer spaces. Informal report

Thermal losses from duct systems have been shown to be a significant fraction of the heat or cooling energy delivered by the space-conditioning equipment. However, when the ducts are located in a partially conditioned buffer space such as a basement, a portion of these losses are effectively regained through system interactions with the building. This paper presents two methods of measuring this regain effect. One is based on the relative thermal resistances between the conditioned space and th… more

Date: July 1, 1994

Creator: Andrews, J. W.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Simulation and performance analysis of a 4-effect lithium bromide-water absorption chiller

Performance simulation has been conducted for a 4-effect lithium bromide-water chiller, capable of substantial performance improvement over state-of-the-art double-effect cycles. The system investigated includes four condensers and four desorbers coupled together, forming an extension of the conventional double-effect cycle; based on prior analytical studies, a parallel flow system was preferred over series flow, and double-condenser coupling was employed, to further improve performance. A modu… more

Date: February 1, 1995

Creator: Grossman, G.; Zaltash, A. & DeVault, R. C.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Lighting technology specifications for relighting federal buildings

Under a Federal Relighting Initiative (FRI) project, a set of Master Lighting Technology Specifications was developed for use by the Federal sector in relighting buildings. The specifications were to cover all major lighting technologies. The initial set was developed and issued for extensive peer review in December 1991. Extensive comments were received from industry, Federal sector participants (DOD, GSA, NASA, DOE, etc.), national laboratories, professional lighting organizations, private li… more

Date: October 1, 1992

Creator: Harris, L.; Purcell, C.; Gordon, H. & McKay, H.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Investigation of design options for improving the energy efficiency of conventionally designed refrigerator-freezers

Several design options for improving the energy efficiency of conventionally-designed, domestic refrigerator freezers (RFs) were incorporated into two 1990 production RF cabinets and refrigeration systems. The baseline performance of the original units and unit components were extensively documented to provide a firm basis for experimentally measured energy savings. A detailed refrigerator system computer model which could simulate cycling behavior was used to evaluate the daily energy use impa… more

Date: November 1, 1993

Creator: Sand, J. R.; Vineyard, E. A. & Bohman, R. H.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Advanced insulations for refrigerator/freezers: The potential for new shell designs incorporating polymer barrier construction

The impending phase-out of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) used to expand foam insulation, combined with requirements for increased energy efficiency, make the use of non-CFC-based high performance insulation technologies increasingly attractive. The majority of current efforts are directed at using advanced insulations in the form of thin, flat low-conductivity gas-filled or evacuated orthogonal panels, which we refer to as Advanced Insulation Panels (AIPs). AIPs can be used in composite with blown… more

Date: November 1, 1992

Creator: Griffith, B. T. & Arasteh, D.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Appliance Analysis :Residential Construction Demonstration Project Cycle 2.

The appliance use of RCDP-2 homes was analyzed to determine whether significant differences existed in houses that had efficient appliances (domestic hot water (DHW) and refrigerators) compared to those with appliances not considered efficient. Specific analyses addressed: (1) DHW and refrigerator appliance end uses; (2) whole house and space heat energy use; and, (3) interaction effects between appliance use and space heating energy use.

Date: August 1, 1991

Creator: Quaid, Maureen; Kunkle, Rick & Lagerberg, Brian

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Prospects for residential oil burners with reduced emissions

In considering the emissions characteristics of residential oil heating equipment it is important to consider the magnitude of these emissions relative to all other sources. Laboratory and field test data show that home oil burners produce very low levels of pollutants when compared to all other combustion sources in the US. Home oil burners are relatively clean burning and produce less air pollution than the average combustion source in the US. This is especially true for carbon monoxide, part… more

Date: April 1, 1992

Creator: Butcher, T. A.; Krajewski, R. F.; Celebi, Y.; McDonald, R. J. & Batey, J.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Estimate of federal relighting potential and demand for efficient lighting products

The increasing level of electric utility rebates for energy-efficient lighting retrofits has recently prompted concern over the adequacy of the market supply of energy-efficient lighting products (Energy User News 1991). In support of the U.S. Department of Energy`s Federal Energy Management Program, Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) has developed an estimate of the total potential for energy-efficient lighting retrofits in federally owned buildings. This estimate can be used to address the is… more

Date: November 1, 1993

Creator: Shankle, S. A.; Dirks, J. A.; Elliott, D. B.; Richman, E. E. & Grover, S. E.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Stalled on the road to the market: Analysis of field experience with a project to promote lighting efficiency in India

Several factors have been recognized in the energy policy literature as constraints that have retarded the wide-scale diffusion of high-efficiency appliances. In the developing countries, despite the apparent benefits of energy efficiency as an answer to problems in both environment and development arenas, the diffusion of highly-efficient appliances has been limited. Research suggests that these appliances appear more attractive from the collective or societal perspective than from any one act… more

Date: October 1, 1992

Creator: Gadgil, A. J. & Sastry, M. A.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Estimated costs of ventilation systems complying with the HUD ventilation standard for manufactured homes

At the request of the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), the Pacific Northwest Laboratory estimated the material, labor, and operating costs for ventilation equipment needed for compliance with HUD`s proposed revision to the ventilation standard for manufactured housing. This was intended to bound the financial impacts of the ventilation standard revision. Researchers evaluated five possible prototype ventilation systems that met the proposed ventilation requirements. Of thos… more

Date: November 1, 1993

Creator: Miller, J. D. & Conner, C. C.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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New building technologies and building energy standards in the United States

Some new and emerging technologies that may affect building energy consumption are reviewed in this paper. We also describe a brief impact analysis that evaluates the sensitivity of a simulation model to changes in broad categories of building equipment and materials. The analysis results permit direct comparisons of the effect of changes in energy efficiency to these building components. Potential barriers to the use of some new building products are also discussed. The barriers, inherent in t… more

Date: November 1, 1991

Creator: O`Neill, P. J.; Jarnagin, R. E. & Schliesing, J. S.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Tucson Solar Village: Project management. A project in sustainable community development

The Tucson Solar Village is a Design/Build Project In Sustainable Community Development which responds to a broad spectrum of energy, environmental, and economic challenges. This project is designed for 820 acres of undeveloped State Trust Land within the Tucson city limits; residential population will be five to six thousand persons with internal employment provided for 1200. This is a 15 year project (for complete buildout and sales) with an estimated cost of $500 million. Details of the proj… more

Date: November 1, 1991

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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US manufacturers of commercially available stand-alone photovoltaic lighting systems

This report introduces photovoltaic (PV) lighting systems, gives some specifications for ordering these systems, and provides a list of some of the manufacturers of these systems in the United States. These PV lighting systems are all commercially available. They are stand-alone systems because they are not tied to the electric utility power grid.

Date: May 1, 1994

Creator: McNutt, P.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department