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Biological Production of Ethanol From Coal

Description: The fermentation pH has been observed to be the key parameter affecting the ratio of ethanol to acetate produced by Clostridium ljungdahlii. The effects of controlled pH on cell growth and product formation by C. ljungdahlii were measured. It was found that cell concentration and acetate concentration increased with pH, while the ethanol concentration was highest at the lower pH. The molar product ratio of ethanol to acetate was 0.74 at pH 4.0, 0.39 at pH 4.5 and 0.12 at pH 5.0. Future experime… more
Date: January 1, 1990
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Biological Production of Ethanol From Coal

Description: Research is continuing in an attempt to increase both the ethanol concentration and product ratio using C. ljungdahlii. The purpose of this report is to present data utilizing a medium prepared especially for C. ljungdahlii. Medium development studies are presented, as well as reactor studies with the new medium in batch reactors. CSTRs and CSTRs with cell recycle. The use of this new medium has resulted in significant improvements in cell concentration, ethanol concentration and product ratio.
Date: January 1, 1992
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Molecular ingredients of heterogeneous catalysis

Description: The purpose of this paper is to present a review and status report to those in theoretical chemistry of the rapidly developing surface science of heterogeneous catalysis. The art of catalysis is developing into science. This profound change provides one with opportunities not only to understand the molecular ingredients of important catalytic systems but also to develop new and improved catalyst. The participation of theorists to find answers to important questions is sorely needed for the soun… more
Date: June 1, 1982
Creator: Somorjai, G.A.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Studies on transition metals and alloy Fischer-Tropsch catalysts, their electronic and bulk properties. (I: Fe/MnO; II: Fe/TiO/sub 2/; III: Fe/Mord. ). Final report, July 1, 1982-September 30, 1983

Description: The objectives were: (1) to characterize samples D1, 10% FeO/90% MnO, and D2, 48% FeO/52% MnO, under varying conditions of reduction (at 250/sup 0/C or 350/sup 0/C in H/sub 2/) and of syngas reaction 1:1 of CO:H/sub 2/ at 290/sup 0/C) and in some cases use CO only for reduction and to identify species by Moessbauer Spectroscopy and Magnetization (sigma/sub s) measurement; (2) similarly, to see if there is any metal (oxide)/support (Mordenite) interaction by the same techniques. The characteriza… more
Date: November 1, 1983
Creator: Mulay, L.N.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Direct conversion of light hydrocarbon gases to liquid fuel

Description: The objective of this program is to investigate the direct conversion of light gaseous hydrocarbons, such as those produced during Fischer-Tropsch synthesis or as a product of gasification, to liquid transportation fuels via a partial oxidation process. The process will be tested in an existing pilot plant to obtain credible mass balances. Specific objectives to be met include determination of optimal process conditions, investigation of various processing options (e.g. feed injection, product … more
Date: January 1, 1991
Creator: Foral, M.J.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Preliminary economic evaluation of the Alkox process

Description: A new chemical process has been invented at Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories for converting alkanes to alcohols. This new chemistry has been named the Alkox Process.'' Pacific Northwest Laboratory prepared a preliminary economic analysis for converting cyclohexane to cyclohexanol, which may be one of the most attractive applications of the Alkox process. A process flow scheme and a material balance were prepared to support rough equipment sizing and costing. The results from the economic… more
Date: September 1, 1991
Creator: Silva, L.J.; Lilga, M.A.; Camaioni, D.M. & Snowden, L.J.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Biological Production of Ethanol From Coal

Description: A batch kinetic study involving Clostridium lungdahlii in a mineral medium was carried out in order to provide baseline data for the effects of nutrients on product ratio and kinetics. The use of this minimal medium containing vitamins, minerals, select amino acids and salts showed both a lower maximum specific growth rate and a lower maximum specific uptake rate than found when using a complex medium supplemented with 0.01% yeast extract. At the same time, the product ratio was improved slight… more
Date: January 1, 1990
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Hydrogenation of CO and CO/sub 2/ on clean rhodium and iron foils. Correlations of reactivities and surface compositions

Description: An experimental arrangement consisting of an ultrahigh vacuum bell jar equipped with an internal sample isolation cell was used to investigate the hydrogenation of CO over Fe and Rh surfaces. This apparatus permitted both UHV surface characterization (Auger electron spectroscopy, low-energy electron diffraction) and high pressure (1-20 atm) catalytic reactions to be carried out. Small surface area (approximately 1 cm/sup 2/) metal samples, both single crystals and polycrystalline foils, were us… more
Date: December 16, 1977
Creator: Dwyer, D.; Yoshida, K. & Somorjai, G.A.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Advanced Coal Conversion Process Demonstration (Project)

Description: This report contains a description of technical progress made on the Advanced Coal Conversion Process Demonstration Project (ACCP). The project is a US Department of Energy Innovative Clean Coal Technology Project. The cooperative agreement defining the project is between DOE and the Rosebud SynCoal Partnership RSCP. The RSCP is a partnership between Western Energy Company (WECo), a subsidiary of Entech, Montana Power's non-utility group, and NRG, a subsidiary of Northern States Power. The ACCP… more
Date: July 1, 1991
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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A novel process for methanol synthesis

Description: A bench-salce reactor is being used to conduct studies of the conversion of synthesis gas to methanol by a novel process. During the last quarter, we investigated the nature of the reactions involved and the nature of the Cu-chromite catalyst being used. There is evidence that methanol is formed via a two step reaction with a methyl formate intermediate rather than by the direct hydrogenation of CO. The carbonylation reaction predominantly takes place in the liquid phase while the hydrogenolysi… more
Date: January 1, 1990
Creator: Tierney, J. W. & Wender, I.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Research guidance studies to assess gasoline from coal by methanol-to-gasoline and Sasol-type Fischer--Tropsch technologies

Description: The primary purpose of this study is to provide a technical and economic comparison between the commercial Fischer-Tropsch technology and the new Mobil methanol-to-gasoline technology for the production of motor gasoline. Several technical sensitivity cases are also part of the study and will be included in the final report. Two conceptual plant complexes - Base Case I: Mobil Technology and Base Case II: Fischer-Tropsch Technology--have been developed. They are self-supporting, grass roots faci… more
Date: September 1, 1977
Creator: Schreiner, M.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Two-stage process for conversion of synthesis gas to high quality transportation fuels. Quarterly report, 8 June-30 September 1983

Description: The design of two large hot-flow models, to be used for slurry bubble-column hydrodynamic studies, is described. Scoping experiments were performed in smaller models to study the effects of feed-gas distributor type, column diameter, and liquid medium on gas holdup and bubble sizes. In addition, a literature review of bubble-column hydrodynamics is presented. Modifications to improve the operation and flexibility of the existing two stage pilot plant have been designed and construction initiate… more
Date: November 1, 1983
Creator: Kuo, J.C.W.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Probe molecule studies: Active species in alcohol synthesis

Description: The goal of this research is to develop a better understanding of the mechanisms of formation of alcohols and other oxygenates from syngas over supported catalysts. Probe molecules will be added in situ during the reaction to help delineate reaction pathways and identify reaction intermediate species. The key of our study is to investigate how the species generated by these probe molecules interact with surface species present during oxygenate formation.
Date: April 1, 1992
Creator: Blackmond, D.G.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Opportunities for coal to methanol conversion

Description: The accumulations of mining residues in the anthracite coal regions of Pennsylvania offer a unique opportunity to convert the coal content into methanol that could be utilized in that area as an alternative to gasoline or to extend the supplies through blending. Additional demand may develop through the requirements of public utility gas turbines located in that region. The cost to run this refuse through coal preparation plants may result in a clean coal at about $17.00 per ton. After gasifica… more
Date: April 1, 1980
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Biological Production of Ethanol From Coal

Description: Previous results have shown that the yeast extract concentration and the medium pH significantly affect the ratio of ethanol to acetate in the product stream when fermenting CO, CO{sub 2} and H{sub 2} in synthesis gas to products by Clostridium ljungdahlii. Further experimentation has demonstrated the impact of eliminating yeast extract from the medium (except for the slight quantity transferred with the inoculm), especially when coupled with low pH. An ethanol to acetate product ratio of 4.0 w… more
Date: January 1, 1990
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Biological Production of Ethanol From Coal

Description: The effects of temperature on the growth and uptake of CO by C. ljundahlii were studied in batch culture. A maximum specific growth rate of 0.095h{sup {minus}1} was found at 37{degrees}C, a normal optimum temperature for the growth of anaerobic bacteria. A maximum specific uptake rate of 0.0095 mmol/mg{center dot}h was found at a slightly higher temperature of 40{degrees}C. CSTR studies were carried out measuring the effects of agitation rate on culture performance. As expected, growth was best… more
Date: January 1, 1991
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

A novel process for methanol synthesis

Description: A bench-scale reactor is being used to conduct studies of the conversion of synthesis gas to methanol by a novel process. During the last quarter, we provided evidence for a two step reaction in series as against the direct hydrogenation of CO. We believe that the carbonylation reaction takes place in the liquid phase adjacent to the solid catalyst surface while the hydrogenolysis reaction is restricted to the surface of Cu-chromite. A non-equilibrium film model was proposed to explain the unex… more
Date: January 1, 1991
Creator: Tierney, J.W. & Wender, I.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Biological Production of Ethanol From Coal

Description: Previous results have shown that the medium pH, the composition of the medium and concentration of medium constituents significantly affect the ratio of ethanol to acetate in the product stream when fermenting CO, CO{sub 2} and H{sub 2} in synthesis gas to products by Clostridium ljungdahlii. An additional batch study was carried out varying the agitation rate at pH 4, 4.5 and 5.0. It was speculated that increased agitation rates in combination with low pH might result in increased ethanol prod… more
Date: January 1, 1990
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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A project to improve the capabilities of minorities in energy fields and a cost benefit analysis of an ethyl alcohol plant

Description: The project being reported in this document had three components: (1) a research project to carry out cost-benefit analysis of an ethyl alcohol plant at Tuskegee University, (2) seminars to improve the high-technology capabilities of minority persons, and (3) a class in energy management. The report provides a background on the three components listed above. The results from the research on the ethyl alcohol plant, are discussed, along with the seminars, and details of the energy management cla… more
Date: August 1, 1986
Creator: Sara, T.S. & Jones, M. Jr.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Biological Production of Ethanol Fom Coal

Description: Research is continuing in an attempt to increase both the ethanol concentration and product ratio using C. ljungdahlii. The purpose of this report is to present data (acetate to ethanol) utilizing a medium prepared especially for C. ljungdahlii. Medium development studies are presented, as well as reactor studies with the new medium in batch reactors. Continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) with cell recycle. The use of this new medium has resulted in significant improvements in cell concentrati… more
Date: May 1, 1992
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Biological Production of Ethanol From Coal

Description: Research is continuing in attempting to increase both the ethanol concentration and product ratio (acetate to ethanol) from the C. ljungdahlii fermentation. Both batch and continuous reactors are being used for this purpose. The purpose of this report is four-fold. First, the data presented in PETC Report No. 2-4-91 (June--September, 1991) are analyzed and interpreted using normalized specific growth and production rates. This technique eliminates experimental variation due to differences in in… more
Date: May 1, 1992
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Assessment of methane-related fuels for automotive fleet vehicles: technical, supply, and economic assessments

Description: The use of methane-related fuels, derived from a variety of sources, in highway vehicles is assessed. Methane, as used here, includes natural gas (NG) as well as synthetic natural gas (SNG). Methanol is included because it can be produced from NG or the same resources as SNG, and because it is a liquid fuel at normal ambient conditions. Technological, operational, efficiency, petroleum displacement, supply, safety, and economic issues are analyzed. In principle, both NG and methanol allow more … more
Date: February 1, 1982
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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CO + H/sub 2/ reaction over nitrogen-modified iron catalysts. Quarterly technical progress report, October 1, 1983-December 30, 1983. [Denitriding of iron nitrides in both hydrogen and helium]

Description: The synthesis of epsilon-Fe/sub 2.7/N is confirmed by Moessbauer spectroscopy. Carburization of epsilon-iron nitride for 2.5 hours in 3H/sub 2//CO at 523 K starts the formation of a bulk structure similar to that seen during ..gamma..'-iron nitride carburization. Reaction of ..gamma..'-Fe/sub 4/N in 3CO/H/sub 2/ synthesis gas at 523 K shows a better bulk stability than reaction in 3H/sub 2//CO. Kinetic analysis of the product distribution at the higher CO ratio confirms greater activity and sel… more
Date: February 1, 1984
Creator: Delgass, W.N.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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