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in subjects: "040500 -- Oil Shales & Tar Sands-- Properties & Composition"

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Pacific Northwest Laboratory, annual report for 1983 to the DOE Office of Energy Research. Part 4. Physical sciences

Part 4 of the Pacific Northwest Laboratory Annual Report for 1983 to the Office of Energy Research, includes those programs funded under the title Physical and Technological Research. The Field Task Program Studies reports in this document are grouped under the subheadings and each section is introduced by a divider page that indicates the Field Task Agreement reported in that section. These reports only briefly indicate progress made during 1983. The reader should contact the principal investi… more

Date: February 1, 1984

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Fire and explosion hazards of oil shale

The US Bureau of Mines publication presents the results of investigations into the fire and explosion hazards of oil shale rocks and dust. Three areas have been examined: the explosibility and ignitability of oil shale dust clouds, the fire hazards of oil shale dust layers on hot surfaces, and the ignitability and extinguishment of oil shale rubble piles. 10 refs., 54 figs., 29 tabs.

Date: January 1, 1989

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Thermodynamics of the hydrodenitrogenation of carbazole

A thermodynamic analysis, based on accurate experimental Gibbs energies of formation, was completed for the key hydrogen-consuming steps in the HDN reaction network for carbazole. The results were compared with literature reaction studies. The concept of crossover temperature'' is shown to be a valuable tool in the interpretation of literature reaction-study results. Methods of nitrogen removal from aromatic materials are discussed in light of the findings of the thermodynamic analysis. It is c… more

Date: October 1, 1991

Creator: Steele, W. V. & Chirico, R. D.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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(National Institute for Petroleum and Energy Research)quarterly technical report, January 1--March 31, 1992

The objectives of Development of Analytical Methodology for Analysis of Heavy Crudes'' are to identify compounds or classes of compounds with significant positive or negative effects on crude oil and/or product properties nd characteristics and to develop methods for their determination in conventional or low grade petroleum and syncrudes; specific objectives for FY92 are: (1) to determine catalytic cracking behavior of individual compound classes in petroleum, and (2) to further develop GC/MS … more

Date: May 1, 1992

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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/sup 13/C NMR chemical shift assignments for gammacerane (tetrahymane)

The carbon-13 NMR chemical shift values were obtained and assigned for each carbon atom of the pentacyclic triterpane gammacerane. Thirteen resonances of nearly unit intensity and one resonances of approximately two intensity units were observed which supports the proposed C/sub 2/ symmetry. The assignments were made by comparison with similar molecules and off-resonance decoupling. Relative to podocarpane C-7 and C-9 resonances of gammacerane were found to be shifted upfield instead of the exp… more

Date: July 1, 1980

Creator: Netzel, D. A. & Linn, D. E.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Geochemical characterization of Devonian gas shale

Detailed geochemical analyses are being used to provide an accurate assessment of the oil and gas resources present in the Devonian shales in the Appalachian and Illinois Basins. The suite of geochemical analyses is designed to evaluate the organic richness, the hydrocarbon potential, the type of organic matter and the thermal maturity of the organic matter. Laboratory techniques such as pyrolysis gas chromatography and mass balance thermal extraction were also employed to measure thermally der… more

Date: January 1, 1977

Creator: Zielinski, R.E.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Coal-liquid fuel/diesel engine operating compatibility. Final report

This work is intended to assess the possibilities of using coal-derived liquids (CDL) represented by a specific type (SRC II) and shale-derived distillate fuel in blends of petroleum-derived fuels in medium-speed, high-output, heavy-duty diesel engines. Conclusions are as follows: (1) Blends of solvent refined coal and diesel fuel may be handled safely by experienced diesel engine mechanics. (2) A serious corrosion problem was found in the fuel pump parts when operating with solvent refined coa… more

Date: September 1, 1983

Creator: Hoffman, J.G. & Martin, F.W.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Some chemical and mineralogical considerations important for understanding leachate chemistry

Both the raw shale material and the retorting process parameters are influential in determining the subsequent behavior of the spent shale solids with respect to leaching and/or environmental weathering. The process parameters define the mineral reactions that occur to form the mineral assemblage in the spent shale, while the major and trace element residences and mobilities from the raw shale determine the extent of incorporation of these elements in the spent shale matrix and ultimately the c… more

Date: January 1, 1982

Creator: Peterson, E. J. & Wagner, P.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Geologic and geochemical studies of the New Albany Group (Devonian black shale) in Illinois to evaluate its characteristics as a source of hydrocarbons. Quarterly progress report, October 1-December 31, 1979

This project is a detailed analysis of the lithology, stratigraphy, and structure of the New Albany Group in Illinois to determine those characteristics of lithology, thickness, regional distribution, vertical and lateral variability, and deformation that are most relevant to the occurrence of hydrocarbons. Research is reported for this quarter in the following areas: coordination of stratigraphic maps, mineralogic and petrographic characterization, physical properties of Devonian black shale, … more

Date: January 7, 1980

Creator: Bergstrom, R.E. & Shimp, N.F.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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General Chemistry Division quarterly report, January--March 1977

Reported are: development of analytical capabilities of a submillimeter spectrometer; improved minimum detectibility of laser-induced molecular fluorescence; use of laser photoionization sources for analytical mass spectrometry; photoacoustic spectroscopy of solids; development of time-resolved spectroscopy for multicomponent mixtures; excited-state reactions of Ba/sup +/ + N/sub 2/O ..-->.. BaO +N/sub 2/; development of an ion-cyclotron-resonance spectrometer; development of glow-discharge mul… more

Date: June 24, 1977

Creator: Harrar, J.E. (ed.)

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Investigation of sorption interactions between organic and mineral phases of processed oil shale

Minerals and organic compounds representative of oil shale processing wastes were analyzed for potential sorption interactions. The analysis consisted of Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, high performance liquid chromatography, thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry, and laser Raman spectroscopy. Montmorillonite clay was used as a representative of the smectites found in raw and spent shales, and hematite was used as a representative of iron oxide found in spent shales. … more

Date: November 1, 1987

Creator: Blanche, M. S. & Bowen, J. M.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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General Chemistry Division. Quarterly report, October-December 1979

Progress is reported on analytical R and D for the nuclear explosives programs (coupling of gas chromatograph, mass spectrometer, and infrared spectrometer; analysis of fluorocarbon FC-86; far-infrared laser development; transient behavior of n-type TiO/sub 2/ semiconductor photoelectrodes; and impurities on Kevlar 49 fibers) and for the energy programs (on-line mass spectroscopy of oil shale and testing of additives for controlling the scaling of hypersaline geothermal brine). (DLC)

Date: February 15, 1980

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Characterization of aerodynamic drag force on single particles: Final report

An electrodynamic balance was used to measure the drag coefficient and also to record the size and shape of spheres, and coal and oil shale particles (100 ..mu..m to 200 ..mu..m in size). The electrodynamic balance consisted of a central, and two end electrodes. The resulting electric field stably suspended a charged particle. A suspended particle, back illuminated by a light emitting diode, was viewed by a video camera. The image was analyzed for particle position control and was calibrated to… more

Date: October 1, 1987

Creator: Kale, S.R.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Solvent Extraction of Southern U.S. Tar Sands

The Department of Chemical Engineering at the University of Arkansas, in association with Diversified Petroleum Recovery, Inc. (DPR) of Little Rock, Arkansas, has been developing a solvent extraction process for the recovery of bitumen from tar sands for the past five years. The unique feature of the process is that the bitumen is recovered from the solvent by contacting with a co-solvent, which causes the bitumen to precipitate. The overall purpose of this project is to study both the technica… more

Date: January 1, 1990

Creator: Penney, W. R.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Trace elements in oil shale. Progress report, 1976--1979

The overall objective of the program is to evaluate the environmental and health consequences of the release of toxic trace elements (As, B, F, Mo, Se) by shale oil production and use. Some of the particularly significant results are: The baseline geochemical survey shows that stable trace elements maps can be constructed for numerous elements and that the trends observed are related to geologic and climatic factors. Shale retorted by above-ground processes tends to be very homogeneous (both in… more

Date: January 1, 1979

Creator: Chappell, W.R.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Fracture mechanics investigation of oil shale to aid in understanding the explosive fragmentation process. Final technical report, January 1983-July 1984

This report summarizes goals and findings achieved in developing technologies to improve the overall efficiency of oil shale recovery processes. The objectives are to (a) develop theoretical fracture mechanics tools that are applicable to transversely isotropic materials such as sedimentary rock, more particularly oil shale; and (b) develop a fracture mechanics test procedure that can be conveniently used for rock specimens. Such a test procedure would: utilize the geometry of a typical rock co… more

Date: September 1, 1984

Creator: Chong, K.P.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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High-pressure mechanical and sonic properties of a Devonian shale from West Virginia

Static mechanical properties and sonic velocities were determined on each of four members of the Devonian shale from Columbia Gas Transmission's well 20403, Huntington, West Virginia. They were: Pressure - volume data to 4.0 GPa; Compressive strength at confining pressures up to 300 MPa, both parallel and perpendicular to bedding. Extensile strength at 100 to 700 MPa confining pressure, both parallel and perpendicular to bedding. Loading and unloading path in uniaxial strain at 20 to 500 MPa co… more

Date: January 1, 1986

Creator: Heard, H.C. & Lin, W.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Determination of sulfur anions in spent oil shale leachates by ion chromatography

The leaching and transport of chemical constituents from spent oil shale disposal areas is an area of environmental concern at the present time. Sulfur-containing compounds are prevalent in spent oil shales and have the potential to leach into aqueous systems surrounding disposal sites. Computer modeling has been used in recent years to predict the transport of species in an aqueous environment. The quality of model predictions, however, depends on the validation steps taken in comparing model … more

Date: July 1, 1989

Creator: Niss, N.D.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Characterization and analysis of Devonian shales as related to release of gaseous hydrocarbons. Well R-109, Washington County, Ohio

Coring of Well R-109 (Washington County, Ohio) was accomplished in August 1976. A total of 25 samples were collected. Hydrocarbon gas analyses indicate that higher chain hydrocarbon gases (C/sub 2/-C/sub 5/) make up a significant portion of total hydrocarbons in the shales, but methane is still the dominant single gas. Distinct relationships exist between the carbon and hydrocarbon gas contents, showing increase in hydrocarbon gas contents with increasing carbon. Similar relationships between h… more

Date: June 20, 1979

Creator: Kalyoncu, R. S.; Boyer, J. P. & Snyder, M. J.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Differentiation of primary, secondary and tertiary aromatic amines in fossil fuels using trifluoroacylation

An analytical method which distinguishes between primary, secondary and tertiary amines has been developed. Trifluoroacetic anhydride, with 4-pyrrolidinopyridine as a catalyst, is used to form di- and mono-trifluoroacylated derivatives of primary and secondary aromatic amines, respectively. Tertiary aromatic amines such as quinoline do not react. GC/MS is then used to analyze the derivatized samples. Retention indices and response factors (relative to 4-fluoroaniline) are reported for >50 pure … more

Date: December 1, 1991

Creator: Thomson, J. S.; Green, J. B.; Yu, S. K. T. & Vrana, R .P.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Pacific Northwest Laboratory annual report for 1978 to the DOE Assistant Secretary for Environment. Part 4. Physical sciences.

Separate abstracts were prepared for each of the five sections of this report as follows: coal; fission; geothermal; oil shale; and multitechnology. In addition, abstracts were prepared for six of the nine individual subsections of the section on fission, that relate to dosimetric studies. (ERB)

Date: February 1, 1979

Creator: Nielsen, J. M.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Developing the Geokinetics/Department of Energy horizontal in situ retorting process. Final report

This report summarizes work performed under a cooperative agreement between Geokinetics Inc., and the US Department of Energy, spanning on eight year period. A large body of experimental data was generated which has been previously reported in a series of published and unpublished reports, as indicated in Chapter VII. The report summarizes research work performed from April of 1975 to August 15, 1985, but emphasizes data generated during the final three years of the project, when five large ret… more

Date: June 1, 1985

Creator: Lekas, M.A.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Characterization of mercury, arsenic, and selenium in the product streams of the Pacific Northwest Laboratory 6-kg retort

The objective of this program is to determine how retorting process parameters affect the partitioning of Hg, As, Se, and Cd from raw oil shale to spent shale, shale oil, retort water, and offgas. For each of the elements, the objective of this study is to (1) determine the distribution coefficients for each product stream; (2) identify the chemical forms in water, gas, and oil streams, with particular emphasis on inorganic or organometallic species known to be or suspected of being carcinogeni… more

Date: December 1, 1985

Creator: Olsen, K. B.; Evans, J. C.; Sklarew, D. S.; Girvin, D. C.; Nelson, C. L.; Lepel, E. A. et al.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Kinetic study of NO/sub x/ formation and removal processes in combustion streams. First quarterly technical progress report, June 6, 1982-August 31, 1982

The production of nitric oxide from combustion of hydrocarbon fuels with air has been recognized to be a serious potential health hazard. In dirtier fuels such as coal and oil shale, a major source of nitric oxide occurs due to the reactions of small hydrocarbon fragments with the nitrogen in the air. These reactions take place in the rich part of the combustion flame and are termed the Prompt-NO mechanism. However, the detailed reaction sequence and rates of these reactions are not well known.… more

Date: September 1, 1982

Creator: Silver, J.A.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department