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in creator/contributor: "Piet, S."  
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ITER safety challenges and opportunities

Description: Results of the Conceptual Design Activity (CDA) for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) suggest challenges and opportunities. ITER is capable of meeting anticipated regulatory dose limits,'' but proof is difficult because of large radioactive inventories needing stringent radioactivity confinement. We need much research and development (R D) and design analysis to establish that ITER meets regulatory requirements. We have a further opportunity to do more to prove more of… more
Date: January 1, 1991
Creator: Piet, S.J.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Safety characteristics of options for plasma-facing components for ITER and beyond

Description: Plasma-facing components (PFC) likely dominate the safety hazards of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) and post-ITER machines. To gain regulatory approval and for fusion energy to fulfill its ultimate attractive safety and environmental potential, safety must be considered when selecting among PFC options. This paper summarizes current PFC safety information. PFC safety issues fall into seven areas: disruption tolerance, disruption severity, tritium inventory and perme… more
Date: January 1, 1991
Creator: Piet, S. J.; McCarthy, K. A.; Holland, D. F.; Longhurst, G. R. & Merrill, B. J.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Trends in fusion reactor safety research

Description: Fusion has the potential to be an attractive energy source. From the safety and environmental perspective, fusion must avoid concerns about catastrophic accidents and unsolvable waste disposal. In addition, fusion must achieve an acceptable level of risk from operational accidents that result in public exposure and economic loss. Finally, fusion reactors must control routine radioactive effluent, particularly tritium. Major progress in achieving this potential rests on development of low-activa… more
Date: January 1, 1991
Creator: Herring, J. S.; Holland, D. F. & Piet, S. J.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Assessment of problems associated with tritium containment

Description: Preventing tritium leakage across a large heat transfer area at high temperature is one of the most difficult problems associated with a D-T fusion reactor design. One of the most efficient methods to reduce the mobility of tritium is to convert it to tritiated water. Most solid breeder systems use a purge gas and assume tritium will be oxidized into the water form. For 17 Li-83Pb system, a double-walled steam generator is used. Tritium is assumed to be oxidized across the gap in between the tw… more
Date: January 1, 1984
Creator: Sze, D.K.; Hassanein, A.; Piet, S.; Wong, C. & Bjorndahl, W.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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ITER system study---Safety aspects

Description: One of the tasks of the ITER Systems Analysis Group has been safety and environmental analyses. The safety analyses show that radiological doses from operational effluents and accidents are consistent with anticipated regulatory dose limits. To improve safety further and to meet the ambitious goal of passive safety,'' further efforts to reduce inventories of tritium and activation products are proposed. Most major safety issues are now associated with Plasma Facing Components (PFC). 2 tabs.
Date: January 1, 1990
Creator: Piet, S.J. (EG and G Idaho, Inc., Idaho Falls, ID (USA)); Iida, H.; Seki, Y. (Japan Atomic Energy Research Inst., Naka, Ibaraki (Japan). Naka Fusion Research Establishment); Raeder, J. (Max-Planck-Institut fuer Plasmaphysik, Garching (Germany, F.R.). NET Design Team) & Topilski, L.N. (Gosudarstvennyj Komitet po Ispol'zovaniyu Atomnoj Ehnergii SSSR, Moscow (USSR). Inst. Atomnoj Ehnergii)
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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VISION -- A Dynamic Model of the Nuclear Fuel Cycle

Description: The Advanced Fuel Cycle Initiative’s (AFCI) fundamental objective is to provide technology options that – if implemented – would enable long-term growth of nuclear power while improving sustainability and energy security. The AFCI organization structure consists of four areas; Systems Analysis, Fuels, Separations and Transmutations. The Systems Analysis Working Group is tasked with bridging the program technical areas and providing the models, tools, and analyses required to assess the feasibil… more
Date: February 1, 2006
Creator: Jacobson, J. J.; Yacout, A. M.; Piet, S. J.; Shropshire, D. E. & Matthern, G. E.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Modeling the Nuclear Fuel Cycle

Description: The Advanced Fuel Cycle Initiative is developing a system dynamics model as part of their broad systems analysis of future nuclear energy in the United States. The model will be used to analyze and compare various proposed technology deployment scenarios. The model will also give a better understanding of the linkages between the various components of the nuclear fuel cycle that includes uranium resources, reactor number and mix, nuclear fuel type and waste management. Each of these components … more
Date: July 1, 2005
Creator: Jacobson, Jacob J.; Yacout, A. M.; Matthern, G. E.; Piet, S. J. & Moisseytsev, A.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Answering Key Fuel Cycle Questions

Description: Given the range of fuel cycle goals and criteria, and the wide range of fuel cycle options, how can the set of options eventually be narrowed in a transparent and justifiable fashion? It is impractical to develop all options. We suggest an approach that starts by considering a range of goals for the Advanced Fuel Cycle Initiative (AFCI) and then posits seven questions, such as whether Cs and Sr isotopes should be separated from spent fuel and, if so, what should be done with them. For each ques… more
Date: October 3, 2004
Creator: Piet, S. J.; Dixon, B. W.; Bennett, R. G.; Smith, J. D. & Hill, R. N.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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On-Going Comparison of Advanced Fuel Cycle Options

Description: This paper summarizes the current comprehensive comparison of four major fuel cycle strategies: once-through, thermal recycle, thermal+fast recycle, fast recycle. It then proceeds to summarize comparison of the major technology options for the key elements of the fuel cycle that can implement each of the four strategies - separation processing, transmutation reactors, and fuels.
Date: October 3, 2004
Creator: Piet, S. J.; Bennett, R. G.; Dixon, B. W.; Herring, J. S.; Shropshire, D. E.; Roth, M. et al.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Testing, Modeling, and Monitoring to Enable Simpler, Cheaper, Longer-lived Surface Caps

Description: Society has and will continue to generate hazardous wastes whose risks must be managed. For exceptionally toxic, long-lived, and feared waste, the solution is deep burial, e.g., deep geological disposal at Yucca Mtn. For some waste, recycle or destruction/treatment is possible. The alternative for other wastes is storage at or near the ground level (in someone's back yard); most of these storage sites include a surface barrier (cap) to prevent downward water migration. Some of the hazards will … more
Date: February 25, 2003
Creator: Piet, S. J.; Breckenridge, R. P. & Burns, D. E.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Making Sustainable Decisions Using The KONVERGENCE Framework

Description: Hundreds of contaminated facilities and sites must be cleaned up. ''Cleanup'' includes decommissioning, environmental restoration, and waste management. Cleanup can be complex, expensive, risky, and time-consuming. Decisions are often controversial, can stall or be blocked, and are sometimes re-done--some before implementation, some decades later. Making and keeping decisions with long time horizons involves special difficulties and requires new approaches. Our project goal is to make cleanup d… more
Date: February 25, 2003
Creator: Piet, S. J.; Gibson, P. L.; Joe, J. C.; Kerr, T. A.; Nitschke, R. L. & Dakins, M. E.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Impact of Nuclear Energy Futures on Advanced Fuel Cycle Options

Description: The Nuclear Waste Policy Act requires the Secretary of Energy to inform Congress before 2010 on the need for a second geologic repository for spent nuclear fuel. By that time, the spent fuel discharged from current commercial reactors will exceed the statutory limit of the first repository. There are several approaches to eliminate the need for another repository in this century. This paper presents a high-level analysis of these spent fuel management options in the context of a full range of p… more
Date: October 3, 2004
Creator: Dixon, B. W. & Piet, S. J.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Near-Surface Engineered Environmental Barrier Integrity

Description: The INEEL Environmental Systems Research and Analysis (ESRA) program has launched a new R and D project on Near-Surface Engineered Environmental Barrier Integrity to increase knowledge and capabilities for using engineering and ecological components to improve the integrity of near-surface barriers used to confine contaminants from the public and the environment. The knowledge gained and the capabilities built will help verify the adequacy of past remedial decisions and enable improved solution… more
Date: May 15, 2002
Creator: Piet, S. J. & Breckenridge, R. P.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Modeling and Simulation of Long-Term Performance of Near-Surface Barriers

Description: Society has and will continue to generate hazardous wastes whose risks must be managed. For exceptionally toxic, long-lived, and feared waste, the solution is deep burial, e.g., deep geological disposal at Yucca Mtn. For some waste, recycle or destruction/treatment is possible. The alternative for other wastes is storage at or near the ground level (in someone's back yard); most of these storage sites include a surface barrier (cap) to prevent migration of the waste due to infiltration of surfa… more
Date: February 25, 2003
Creator: Piet, S. J.; Jacobson, J. J.; Martian, P.; Martineau, R. & Soto, R.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Evaluation of graphite/steam interactions for ITER (International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor) accident scenarios

Description: This paper presents the results of an experimental/analytical study designed to determine the quantity of hydrogen generated during an accident involving coolant leakage into the plasma chamber of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER). This hydrogen could represent a potential explosive hazard, provided the proper conditions exist, causing machine damage and release of radioactive material. We measured graphite/steam reaction rates for several graphites and carbon-based co… more
Date: January 1, 1990
Creator: Smolik, G. R.; Merrill, B. J.; Piet, S. J. & Holland, D. F.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Predictions of radioactive tungsten release for hypothetical ITER (International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor) accidents

Description: Postulated long-term loss of coolant accidents (LOCA) for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) may involve the ingress of air or steam into the plasma chamber. Reactions of these gases with the hot plasma facing components will cause oxidation, transport, and release of activated species. To predict radioactivity releases, we measured volatility rates from a tungsten alloy. Tests were performed in air or steam between 600 and 1200{degree}C for 1 to 20 h. We used these vol… more
Date: January 1, 1990
Creator: Smolik, G. R.; Piet, S. J. & Neilson, R. M., Jr.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Volatility from copper and tungsten alloys for fusion reactor applications

Description: Accident scenarios for fusion power plants present the potential for release and transport of activated constituents volatilized from first wall and structural materials. The extent of possible mobilization and transport of these activated species, many of which are oxidation driven'', is being addressed by the Fusion Safety Program at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL). This report presents experimental measurements of volatilization from a copper alloy in air and steam and from … more
Date: January 1, 1989
Creator: Smolik, G. R.; Neilson, R. M., Jr. & Piet, S. J.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Engineering, safety, and economic evaluations of ASPIRE (Advanced Safe Pool Immersed REactor)

Description: A preconceptual design of a tokamak fusion reactor concept called ASPIRE (Advanced Safe Pool Immersed REactor) has been developed. This concept provides many of the attractive features that are needed to enhance the capability of fusion to become the power generation technology for the 21st century. Specifically, these features are: inherent safety, low pressure, environmental compatibility, moderate unit size, high availability, high thermal efficiency, simplicity, low radioactive inventory, C… more
Date: February 1, 1988
Creator: Sze, D.K.; Gordon, J.; Piet, S.; Cheng, E.T. & Klein, A.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Conceptual design of a self-cooled Flibe blanket

Description: A self-cooled Flibe blanket concept has been developed. The problems associated with tritium breeding, tritium containment, and corrosion have been investigated and potential solutions developed. A highly efficient and compact blanket and power conversion system has been incorporated. The resulting system is low pressure with high thermal efficiency and is inherently safe.
Date: June 1, 1986
Creator: Sze, D.K.; Jung, J.; Cheng, E.T.; Piet, S. & Klein, A.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Overview of safety and environmental issues for inertial fusion energy

Description: This paper summarizes safety and environmental issues of Inertial Fusion Energy (IFE): inventories, effluents, maintenance, accident safety, waste management, and recycling. The fusion confinement approach among inertial and magnetic options affects how the fusion reaction is maintained and which materials surround the reaction chamber. The target fill technology has a major impact on the target factory tritium inventory. IFE fusion reaction chambers usually employ some means to protect the fir… more
Date: December 31, 1996
Creator: Piet, S.J.; Brereton, S.J. & Tanaka, S.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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