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in creator/contributor: "Akbari, H."

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Analysis of energy use in building services of the industrial sector in California: A literature review and a preliminary characterization

Energy use patterns in many of California's fastest-growing industries are not typical of those in the mix of industries elsewhere in the US. Many California firms operate small and medium-sized facilities, often in buildings used simultaneously or interchangeably for commercial (office, retail, warehouse) and industrial activities. In these industrial subsectors, the energy required for building services'' to provide occupant comfort and necessities (lighting, HVAC, office equipment, computers… more

Date: April 1, 1991

Creator: Akbari, H.; Borgers, T.; Gadgil, A. & Sezgen, O.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Workshop proceeding of the industrial building energy use

California has a large number of small and medium sized industries which have a major impact on the demand growth of California utilities. Energy use in building services (lighting, HVAC, office equipment, computers, etc.). These industries constitute an important but largely neglected fraction of the total site energy use. The ratio of energy use in building service to the total site energy use is a function of the industrial activity, its size, and the climate at the site of the facility. Als… more

Date: January 1, 1988

Creator: Akbari, H. & Gadgil, A.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Cooling our communities: A guidebook on tree planting and light-colored surfacing

This book is a practical guide that presents the current state of knowledge on potential environmental and economic benefits of strategic landscaping and altering surface colors in our communities. The guidebook, reviews the causes, magnitude, and impacts of increased urban warming, then focuses on actions by citizens and communities that can be undertaken to improve the quality of our homes and towns in cost-effective ways.

Date: January 1, 1992

Creator: Akbari, H.; Davis, S.; Huang, J. (eds.) (Lawrence Berkeley Lab., CA (United States)); Dorsano, S. (ed.) (The Bruce Co., (United States)) & Winnett, S. (ed.) (Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC (United States). Climate Change Div.)

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Integrated estimation of commercial sector end-use load shapes and energy use intensities, Phase 2

This report is comprised of the appendices for report number LBL-- 30401 Part 1 of 2 by the same name. One appendix includes a memorandum with detailed data of end use EUIs and load shapes for small and large office buildings and small and large retail buildings. It includes replacement tables for LBL--27512. Other appendices are the DOE-Z BDL prototype input files, summarizes of LRD, figures and results of load-temperature regressions, and THI matrices for cooling. (BM)

Date: January 1, 1991

Creator: Akbari, H.; Rainer, L. & Eto, J.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Analysis of energy use in building services of the industrial sector in California: Two case studies

Energy-use patterns in many of California's fastest-growing industries are not typical of the existing mix of industries in the US. Many California firms operate small- and medium-sized facilities housed in buildings used simultaneously or interchangeably over time for commercial (office, retail, warehouse) and industrial activities. In these industrial subsectors, the energy required for building services (providing occupant comfort and necessities like lighting, HVAC, office equipment, comput… more

Date: September 1, 1991

Creator: Akbari, H. & Sezgen, O.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

High-albedo materials for reducing building cooling energy use

One simple and effective way to mitigate urban heat islands, i.e., the higher temperatures in cities compared to those of the surrounds, and their negative impacts on cooling energy consumption is to use high-albedo materials on major urban surfaces such as rooftops, streets, sidewalks, school yards, and the exposed surfaces of parking lots. High-albedo materials can save cooling energy use by directly reducing the heat gain through a building's envelope (direct effect) and also by lowering the… more

Date: January 1, 1992

Creator: Taha, H.; Sailor, D. & Akbari, H.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Measured commercial load shapes and energy-use intensities and validation of the LBL end-use disaggregation algorithm

The Southern California Edison Company (SCE) has conducted an extensive metering project in which electricity end use in 53 commercial buildings in Southern California has been measured. The building types monitored include offices, retail stores, groceries, restaurants, and warehouses. One year (June 1989 through May 1990) of the SCE measured hourly end-use data are reviewed in this report. Annual whole-building and end-use energy use intensities (EUIs) and monthly load shapes (LSs) have been … more

Date: January 1, 1993

Creator: Akbari, H.; Rainer, L.; Heinemeier, K.; Huang, J. & Franconi, E.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Integrated estimation of commercial sector end-use load shapes and energy use intensities in the PG&E service area

This project represents a unique research effort to address the commercial sector end-use energy forecasting data needs of the Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E) and the California Energy Commission (CEC). The object of the project was to develop an updated set of commercial sector end-use energy use intensity (EUI) data that has been fully reconciled with measured data. The research was conducted in two stages. First, we developed reconciled electricity end-use EUIs and load shapes for ea… more

Date: December 1, 1993

Creator: Akbari, H.; Eto, J.; Konopacki, S.; Afzal, A.; Heinemeier, K. & Rainer, L.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Cooling our communities: A guidebook on tree planting and light-colored surfacing

Date: January 1, 1992

Creator: Akbari, H.; Davis, S.; Huang, J.; Dorsano, S. & Winnett, S.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Analysis of energy use in building services of the industrial sector in California: Two case studies. Final report

Energy-use patterns in many of California`s fastest-growing industries are not typical of the existing mix of industries in the US. Many California firms operate small- and medium-sized facilities housed in buildings used simultaneously or interchangeably over time for commercial (office, retail, warehouse) and industrial activities. In these industrial subsectors, the energy required for building services (providing occupant comfort and necessities like lighting, HVAC, office equipment, comput… more

Date: September 1, 1991

Creator: Akbari, H. & Sezgen, O.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Implementation of solar-reflective surfaces: Materials and utility programs

This report focuses on implementation issues for using solar-reflective surfaces to cool urban heat islands, with specific examples for Sacramento, California. Advantages of solar-reflective surfaces for reducing energy use are: (1) they are cost-effective if albedo is increased during routine maintenance; (2) the energy savings coincide with peak demand for power; (3) there are positive effects on environmental quality; and (4) the white materials have a long service life. Important considerat… more

Date: June 1, 1992

Creator: Bretz, S.; Akbari, H.; Rosenfeld, A. & Taha, H.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Case studies of thermal energy storage (TES) systems: Evaluation and verification of system performance. Final report

We have developed two case studies to review and analyze energy performance of thermal energy storage CMS systems in commercial buildings. Our case studies considered two partial ice storage systems in Northern California. For each case, we compiled historical data on TES design, installation, and operation. This information was further enhanced by data obtained through interviews with the building owners and operators. The performance and historical data of the TES systems and their components… more

Date: January 1, 1992

Creator: Akbari, H. & Sezgen, O.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

The use of energy management and control systems for retrofit performance monitoring in the LoanSTAR program. Final report

Monitoring of building energy consumption, operation, and weather variables are important parts of retrofit evaluation projects. However, effective monitoring can be quite expensive. In this report, we investigate the feasibility of using a building`s existing energy management and control system (EMCS) for gathering some or all of this required data, rather than installing dedicated data-logging equipment. Three case studies in the Texas LoanSTAR retrofit monitoring program were used to explor… more

Date: April 1, 1992

Creator: Heinemeier, K. E.; Akbari, H.; Claridge, D.; Haberl, J.; Poynor, B. & Belur, R.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

The use of remotely sensed data as a tool in urban heat island investigations: An overview

Remotely sensed data contribute an important tool to areawide, cost-effective studies of urban heat island phenomena. This paper provides an overview of its use dating from the first satellite thermal images of urban heat signatures in the early 1970`s, and briefly examines the range of previous uses of remotely sensed data in urban studies, including identification and analysis of heat island effects, modeling of energy budgets, attempts to analyze and classify the urban landscape, and tempora… more

Date: January 1, 1992

Creator: Orvis, K. H. & Akbari, H.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

High-albedo materials for reducing building cooling energy use

One simple and effective way to mitigate urban heat islands, i.e., the higher temperatures in cities compared to those of the surrounds, and their negative impacts on cooling energy consumption is to use high-albedo materials on major urban surfaces such as rooftops, streets, sidewalks, school yards, and the exposed surfaces of parking lots. High-albedo materials can save cooling energy use by directly reducing the heat gain through a building`s envelope (direct effect) and also by lowering the… more

Date: January 1, 1992

Creator: Taha, H.; Sailor, D. & Akbari, H.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Proceedings of the workshop on cool building materials

The Option 9, Cool Communities, of the Clinton-Gore Climate Change Action Plan (CCAP) calls for mobilizing community and corporate resources to strategically plant trees and lighten the surfaces of buildings and roads in order to reduce cooling energy use of the buildings. It is estimated that Cool Communities Project will potentially save over 100 billion kilowatt-hour of energy per year corresponding to 27 million tons of carbon per year by the year 2015. To pursue the CCAP`s objectives, Lawr… more

Date: April 1, 1994

Creator: Akbari, H.; Fishman, B. & Frohnsdorff, G.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Durability of high-albedo roof coatings and implications for cooling energy savings. Final report

Twenty-six spot albedo measurements of roofs were made using a calibrated pyranometer. The roofs were surfaced with either an acrylic elastomeric coating, a polymer coating with an acrylic base, or a cementitious coating. Some of the roofs` albedos were measured before and after washing to determine whether the albedo decrease was permanent. Data indicated that most of the albedo degradation occurred within the first year, and even within the first two months. On one roof, 70% of one year`s alb… more

Date: June 1, 1994

Creator: Bretz, S. E. & Akbari, H.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Proposed guidelines for using Energy Management and Control Systems for performance monitoring

Monitoring of energy consumption and building operation are important parts of conservation savings analysis, although effective monitoring can be quite expensive. Energy management and Control Systems (EMCSS) contain all of the same equipment that is usually installed for monitoring, however, and can often be used for this application. Since EMCSs are installed in a growing number of commercial buildings, the addition of conventional energy monitoring equipment can be redundant. EMCSs are not … more

Date: March 1, 1992

Creator: Heinemeier, K. & Akbari, H.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Monitoring peak power and cooling energy savings of shade trees and white surfaces in the Sacramento Municipal Utility District (SMUD) service area: Project design and preliminary results

Urban areas in warm climates create summer heat islands of daily average intensity of 3--5{degrees}C, adding to discomfort and increasing air-conditioning loads. Two important factors contributing to urban heat islands are reductions in albedo (lower overall city reflectance) and loss of vegetation (less evapotranspiration). Reducing summer heat islands by planting vegetation (shade trees) and increasing surface albedos, saves cooling energy, allows down-sizing of air conditioners, lowers air-c… more

Date: December 1, 1992

Creator: Akbari, H.; Bretz, S.; Hanford, J.; Rosenfeld, A.; Sailor, D.; Taha, H. et al.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Measured commercial load shapes and energy-use intensities and validation of the LBL end-use disaggregation algorithm. Final report

Date: January 1, 1993

Creator: Akbari, H.; Rainer, L.; Heinemeier, K.; Huang, J. & Franconi, E.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Examples of cooler reflective streets for urban heat-island mitigation : Portland cement concrete and chip seals

Part of the urban heat island effect can be attributed to dark pavements that are commonly used on streets and parking lots. In this paper we consider two light colored, hence cooler, alternative paving materials that are in actual use in cities today. These are Portland cement concrete (PCC) pavements and chip seals. We report measurements of the albedos of some PCC and chip sealed pavements in the San Francisco Bay Area. The albedos of the PCC pavements ranged from about 0.18 to 0.35. The tem… more

Date: April 30, 2003

Creator: Pomerantz, M.; Akbari, H.; Chang, S. C.; Levinson, R. & Pon, B.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Energy savings for heat-island reduction strategies in Chicago and Houston (including updates for Baton Rouge, Sacramento, and Salt Lake City)

In 1997, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) established the ''Heat Island Reduction Initiative'' to quantify the potential benefits of Heat-Island Reduction (HIR) strategies (i.e., shade trees, reflective roofs, reflective pavements and urban vegetation) to reduce cooling-energy use in buildings, lower the ambient air temperature and improve urban air quality in cities, and reduce CO2 emissions from power plants. Under this initiative, the Urban Heat Island Pilot Project (UHIPP) was… more

Date: February 28, 2002

Creator: Konopacki, S. & Akbari, H.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

A new approach to estimate commercial sector end-use load shapes and energy use intensities

We discuss the application of an end-use load shape estimation technique to develop annual energy use intensities (EUIs) and hourly end-use load shapes (LSs) for commercial buildings in the Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E) service territory. Results will update inputs for the commercial sector energy and peak demand forecasting models used by PG&E and the California Energy Commission (CEC). EUIs were estimated for 11 building types, up to 10 end uses, 3 fuel types, 2 building vintages, a… more

Date: August 1, 1994

Creator: Akbari, H.; Eto, J.; Konopacki, S.; Afzal, A.; Heinemeier, K. & Rainer, L.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Thermal energy storage for cooling of commercial buildings

The storage of coolness'' has been in use in limited applications for more than a half century. Recently, because of high electricity costs during utilities' peak power periods, thermal storage for cooling has become a prime target for load management strategies. Systems with cool storage shift all or part of the electricity requirement from peak to off-peak hours to take advantage of reduced demand charges and/or off-peak rates. Thermal storage technology applies equally to industrial, commerc… more

Date: July 1, 1988

Creator: Akbari, H. & Mertol, A.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department