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Investigations of CuInSe sub 2 Thin Films and Contacts

Description: This report describes research into electrical contacts for copper indium diselenide (CuInSe{sub 2}) polycrystalline thin films used for solar cell applications. Molybdenum contacts have historically been the most promising for heterojunction solar cells. This program studied contact stability by investigating thermally induced bilayer reactions between molybdenum and copper, indium, and selenium. Because selenization is widely used to fabricate CuInSe{sub 2} thin films for photovoltaic cells, … more
Date: October 1, 1991
Creator: Nicolet, M. A.
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Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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An update on environmental, health and safety issues of interest to the photovoltaic industry

Description: There is growing interest in the environmental, health, and safety issues related to new photovoltaic technologies as they approach commercialization. Such issues include potential toxicity of II--VI compounds; the impacts of new environmental regulations on module manufacturers; and, the need for recycling of spent modules and manufacturing wastes. This paper will review these topics. 20 refs.
Date: January 1, 1992
Creator: Moskowitz, P. D.; Viren, J. & Fthenakis, V. M.
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Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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(Preoxidation cleaning optimization for crystalline silicon)

Description: A series of controlled experiments has been performed in Sandia's Photovoltaic Device Fabrication Laboratory to evaluate the effect of various chemical surface treatments on the recombination lifetime of crystalline silicon wafers subjected to a high-temperature dry oxidation. From this series of experiments we have deduced a relatively simple yet effective cleaning sequence. We have also evaluated the effect of different chemical damage-removal etches for improving the recombination lifetime a… more
Date: January 1, 1991
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Advanced high efficiency concentrator cells

Description: This report describes research to develop the technology needed to demonstrate a monolithic, multijunction, two-terminal, concentrator solar cell with a terrestrial power conversion efficiency greater than 35%. Under three previous subcontracts, Varian developed many of the aspects of a technology needed to fabricate very high efficiency concentrator cells. The current project was aimed at exploiting the new understanding of high efficiency solar cells. Key results covered in this report are as… more
Date: June 1, 1992
Creator: Gale, R. (Varian Associates, Inc., Palo Alto, CA (United States). Varian Research Center)
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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NREL PV AR D 11th review meeting, May 13--15, 1992, Denver Marriott City Center, Denver, Colorado

Description: This is a collection of abstracts from papers presented at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Photovoltaic (PV) research and development review meeting held May 1992. Subject areas covered include solar cell and solar module manufacturing and development, materials, polycrystalline thin films, applications, amorphous silicon, solar cell performance and testing, crystalline silicon and other photovoltaic and safety perspectives. (GHH)
Date: January 1, 1992
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Research on polycrystalline thin film submodules based on CuInSe sub 2 materials

Description: This report describes progress during the first year of a three-year research program to develop 12%-efficient CuInSe{sub 2} (CIS) submodules with area greater than 900 cm{sup 2}. To meet this objective, the program was divided into five tasks: (1) windows, contacts, substrates; (2) absorber material; (3) device structure; (4) submodule design and encapsulation; and (5) process optimization. In the first year of the program, work was concentrated on the first three tasks with an objective to de… more
Date: May 1, 1992
Creator: Catalano, A.; Arya, R.; Carr, L.; Fieselmann, B.; Lommasson, T.; Podlesny, R. et al.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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US Photovoltaic Patents, 1988--1990

Description: This document contains US patents on terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) power applications, including systems, components, and materials, as well as manufacturing and support functions. The patent entries in this document were issued from 1988 through 1990. The entries were located by searching USPA, the data base of the US Patent Office. The final search retrieved all patents under the class Batteries, Thermoelectric and Photoelectric'' and the subclasses Photoelectric,'' Testing,'' and Application… more
Date: December 1, 1991
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Perspective on photovoltaic amorphous silicon

Description: Amorphous silicon is a thin film option that has the potential for a cost-effective product for large-scale utility photovoltaics application. The initial efficiencies for single-junction and multijunction amorphous silicon cells and modules have increased significantly over the past 10 years. The emphasis of research and development has changed to stabilized efficiency, especially that of multijunction modules. NREL has measured 6.3%--7.2% stabilized amorphous silicon module efficiencies for U… more
Date: May 1, 1992
Creator: Luft, W.; Stafford, B. & von Roedern, B.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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(Mfactor: A PC-based program for general spectral mismatch corrections)

Description: Reference cells are frequently used to determine incident light intensity during solar cell performance measurements. A problem arises when comparisons are made between cells tested under different spectral irradiances (spectra). This paper describes an IBM-PC compatible computer program, called Mfactor, developed in the Photovoltaic Device Measurement Laboratory (PDML) at Sandia that uses a generalized procedure for making spectral mismatch corrections. The program operation is described, and … more
Date: January 1, 1991
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Module process optimization and device efficiency improvement for stable, low-cost, large-area, cadmium telluride-based photovoltaic module production

Description: This report describes work under a three-year phased subcontract to develop CdS/CdTe devices and modules and to further improve the technology base at Photon Energy, Inc. (PEI) to better address the commercialization issues and objectives of the PEI and the US Department of Energy. During this reporting period we (1) achieved efficiencies of 12.7% on small area devices, (2) achieved 1-ft{sup 2} modules with over 8% aperture-area efficiency (and active area efficiencies up to {approximately}10%)… more
Date: April 1, 1992
Creator: Albright, S. P.; Ackerman, B.; Chamberlin, R. R. & Jordan, J. F.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Photovoltaic Subcontract Program, FY 1991

Description: This report summarizes the fiscal year (FY) 1991 (October 1, 1990, through September 30, 1991) progress of the subcontracted photovoltaic (PV) research and development (R D) performed under the Photovoltaic Advanced Research and Development Project at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) -- formerly the Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI). The mission of the national PV program is to develop PV technology for large-scale generation of economically competitive electric power in the… more
Date: March 1, 1992
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Thin film cadmium telluride, zinc telluride, and mercury zinc telluride solar cells

Description: This report describes research to demonstrate (1) thin film cadmium telluride solar cells with a quantum efficiency of 75% or higher at 0. 44 {mu}m and a photovoltaic efficiency of 11.5% or greater, and (2) thin film zinc telluride and mercury zinc telluride solar cells with a transparency to sub-band-gap radiation of 65% and a photovoltaic conversion efficiency of 5% and 8%, respectively. Work was directed at (1) depositing transparent conducting semiconductor films by solution growth and meta… more
Date: April 1, 1992
Creator: Chu, T.L. (University of South Florida, Tampa, FL (United States))
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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SPGD: A central power system for space title in French

Description: This paper describes the Space Power Generation and Distribution (SPGD) concept for providing power to any satellite in earth orbit via power beaming. Other applications such as providing power for terrestrial or space exploration purposes are identified. An assessment of SPGD versus conventional space power is summarized concluding SPGD appears extremely attractive for our space future. 1 ref.
Date: January 1, 1991
Creator: Widrig, R.D.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Thin film cadmium telluride photovoltaic cells

Description: This report describes research to develop to vacuum-based growth techniques for CdTe thin-film solar cells: (1) laser-driven physical vapor deposition (LDPVD) and (2) radio-frequency (rf) sputtering. The LDPVD process was successfully used to deposit thin films of CdS, CdTe, and CdCl{sub 2}, as well as related alloys and doped semiconductor materials. The laser-driven deposition process readily permits the use of several target materials in the same vacuum chamber and, thus, complete solar cell… more
Date: April 1, 1992
Creator: Compaan, A. & Bohn, R. (Toledo Univ., OH (United States))
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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The effects of concentrated ultraviolet light on high-efficiency silicon solar cells

Description: The importance of stability in the performance of solar cells is clearly recognized as fundamental. Some of the highest efficiency silicon solar cells demonstrated to date, such as the Point Contact solar cell and the Passivated Emitter solar cell, rely upon the passivation of cell surfaces in order to minimize recombination, which reduces cell power output. Recently, it has been shown that exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light of wavelengths present in the terrestrial solar spectrum can damage a … more
Date: January 1, 1991
Creator: Ruby, D.S. & Schubert, W.K.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Atomic oxygen interaction with spacecraft materials: Relationship between orbital and ground-based testing for materials certification

Description: The effects of atomic oxygen on boron nitride, silicon nitride, solar cell interconnects used on the Intelsat 6 satellite, organic polymers, and MoS{sub 2} and WS{sub 2} dry lubricant have been studied in low Earth orbit (LEO) flight experiments and in our ground-based simulation facility at Los Alamos National Laboratory. Both the in-flight and ground-based experiments employed in situ electrical resistance measurements to detect penetration of atomic oxygen through materials and ESCA analysis… more
Date: January 1, 1991
Creator: Cross, J.B. (Los Alamos National Lab., NM (United States)); Koontz, S.L. (National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Houston, TX (United States). Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center) & Lan, E.H. (McDonnell Douglas Space Systems Co., Huntington Beach, CA (United States))
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Scanning tunneling microscopy studies of the surfaces of a-Si:H and a-SiGe:H films

Description: The report contains a detailed description of the experimental complexities encountered in developing scanning tunneling microscope (STM) probing of atomic structure on the surface of freshly-grown hydrogenated-amorphous semiconductors. It also contains a speculative microscopic film-growth model that explains differences between the disorder in CVD grown a-Ge:H versus a-Si:H films. This model is derived from prior results obtained in the chemical analysis of GeH{sub 4} plasmas, combined with s… more
Date: June 1, 1991
Creator: Gallagher, A.; Ostrom, R. & Tannenbaum, D. (National Inst. of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO (USA))
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Research on stable, high-efficiency amorphous silicon multijunction modules

Description: This report describes the progress made during Phase 1 of research and development program to obtain high-efficiency amorphous silicon alloy multijunction modules. Using a large-area deposition system, double-and triple-junction cells were made on stainless steel substrates of over 1 ft{sup 2} area with Ag and ZnO predeposited back reflector. Modules of over 1 ft{sup 2} were produced with between 9.2% and 9.9 initial aperture-area efficiencies as measured under a USSC Spire solar simulator. Eff… more
Date: April 1, 1992
Creator: Banerjee, A.; Chen, E.; Clough, R.; Glatfelter, T.; Guha, S.; Hammond, G. et al.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Development of a computer model for polycrystalline thin-film CuInSe sub 2 and CdTe solar cells

Description: This report describes work to develop a highly accurate numerical model for CuInSe{sub 2} and CdTe solar cells. ADEPT (A Device Emulation Program and Toolbox), a one-dimensional semiconductor device simulation code developed at Purdue University, was used as the basis of this model. An additional objective was to use ADEPT to analyze the performance of existing and proposed CuInSe{sub 2} and CdTe solar cell structures. The work is being performed in two phases. The first phase involved collecti… more
Date: April 1, 1992
Creator: Gray, J.L.; Schwartz, R.J. & Lee, Y.J. (Purdue Univ., Lafayette, IN (United States))
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Research on stable, high-efficiency, large-area, amorphous-silicon-based submodules

Description: The primary objective of this subcontract is to develop the technology for same bandgap, amorphous silicon tandem junction photovoltaic modules having an area of at least 900 cm{sup 2} with the goal of achieving an aperture area efficiency of 9%. A further objective is to demonstrate modules that retain 95% of their under standard light soaking conditions. Our approach to the attainment of these objective is based on the following distinctive technologies: (a) in-house deposition of SiO{sub 2}/… more
Date: June 1, 1991
Creator: Delahoy, A.E.; Tonon, T. & Macneil, J. (Chronar Corp., Princeton, NJ (USA))
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Photovoltaic module reliability workshop

Description: The paper and presentations compiled in this volume form the Proceedings of the fourth in a series of Workshops sponsored by Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI/DOE) under the general theme of photovoltaic module reliability during the period 1986--1990. The reliability Photo Voltaic (PV) modules/systems is exceedingly important along with the initial cost and efficiency of modules if the PV technology has to make a major impact in the power generation market, and for it to compete with the c… more
Date: January 1, 1990
Creator: Mrig, L. (ed.)
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Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Photovoltaic Advanced Research and Development Project: Solar Radiation Research Annual Report

Description: This report gives an overview of the fiscal year 1990 research activities and results under the Solar Radiation Research Task of the Photovoltaic Advanced Research and Development Project at the Solar Energy Research Institute. The activities under this task include developing and applying measurement techniques, instrumentation, and data and models to understand and quantify the response of photovoltaic devices to variations in broadband and spectra solar radiation. The information presented i… more
Date: November 1, 1990
Creator: Riordan, C.; Hulstrom, R.; Cannon, T.; Myers, D. & Stoffel, T.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Polycrystalline thin-film solar cells and modules

Description: This paper describes the recent technological advances in polycrystalline thin-film solar cells and modules. Three thin film materials, namely, cadmium telluride (CdTe), copper indium diselenide (CuInSe{sub 2}, CIS) and silicon films (Si-films) have made substantial technical progress, both in device and module performance. Early stability results for modules tested outdoors by various groups worldwide are also encouraging. The major global players actively involved in the development of the th… more
Date: December 1, 1991
Creator: Ullal, Harin S.; Stone, Jack L.; Zweibel, Kenneth; Surek, Thomas & Mitchell, Richard L.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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