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Design and development of a self-regenerative contained-liquid membrane process for combined SO{sub x} and NO{sub x} removal. Final report

Description: The lack of an efficient, cost effective process for the removal of sulfur compounds from gas streams (either gasified coal or flue gases resulting from coal combustion) is a major obstacle to the economic utilization of high sulfur Ohio coal. The most economically favorable processes for the desulfurization of flue gases are the regenerable processes as opposed to the `throwaway` processes. In addition, recovery of sulfur from these gases in the form of elemental sulfur or H{sub 2}SO{sub 4} do… more
Date: November 1, 1992
Creator: Varanasi, S. & LeBlanc, S. E.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Handling, transport and dispersion of sorbent powder for in-furnace injection. Third year final report

Description: The purpose of this study is to explain, using fundamental theories of interparticle forces, the difference in transport and dispersion between various sorbents. This project is closely tied with 1.1 through the focus of maximum utilization of sorbent materials used in the LIMB process. Interparticle forces lead to agglomeration or removal to transport tube walls of the sorbent fine particles, reducing sulfur removal capabilities. In the first and second years, the pneumatic transport of sorben… more
Date: September 1, 1993
Creator: Fan, Liang-Shih; Bavarian, F.; Lee, R. J.; Hsia, Chung-wei; Abou-Zeida, E.; Jiang, Peijun et al.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Sorbent preparation/modification/additives. Final report, September 1, 1992--November 30, 1993

Description: Sorbent preparation techniques used today have generally been adapted from techniques traditionally used by the lime industry. Traditional dry hydration and slaking processes have been optimized to produce materials intended for use in the building industry. These preparation techniques should be examined with an eye to optimization of properties important to the SO{sub 2} capture process. The study of calcium-based sorbents for sulfur dioxide capture is complicated by two factors: (1) little i… more
Date: February 1, 1994
Creator: Prudich, M. E. & Venkataramakrishnan, R.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Sorbent Utilization Studies Using a Mini-Pilot Spray Dryer. Final Report, 1 September 1992--31 August 1993

Description: The main body of the report consists of four parts: 1. additives to change process chemistry for SO{sub 2} absorption by Ca(OH){sub 2} slurry; 2. recycle tests and hydration of fly ash with Ca(OH){sub 2} to increase reactivity; 3. limestone as an alternative sorbent and additive effects; 4. physical and chemical model developments for some of the additive effects and spray dryer mathematical model application. As the concentration of SO{sub 2} in the flue gases increases, the SO{sub 2} removal … more
Date: September 30, 1993
Creator: Keener, T. C.; Khang, S. J.; Wang, J. & Sanders, J. F.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Process configurations/modeling -- Project 3.1. Final report, September 1, 1992--November 30, 1993

Description: The objective of this research is to develop and optimize preliminary process designs and cost estimates for a moving bed granular limestone desulfurization process typified by the LEC (Limestone Emission Control) process. The basic simulation programs have been written, debugged, and used to simulate the operation of a desulfurization plant with a cross flow moving bed configuration. The programs are based on first principles type mathematical models which reflect the underlying transport and … more
Date: December 31, 1993
Creator: Sampson, K. J.; Prudich, M. E. & Duespohl, D. W.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Pilot-scale Limestone Emission Control (LEC) process: A development project. Volume 1, Main report and appendices A, B, C, and D: Final report

Description: ETS, Inc., a pollution consulting firm with headquarters in Roanoke, Virginia, has developed a dry, limestone-based flue gas desulfurization (FGD) system. This SO{sub 2} removal system, called Limestone Emission Control (LEC), can be designed for installation on either new or existing coal-fired boilers. In the LEC process, the SO{sub 2} in the flue gas reacts with wetted granular limestone that is contained in a moving bed. A surface layer of principally calcium sulfate (CaSO{sub 4}) is formed… more
Date: March 1, 1994
Creator: Prudich, M. E.; Appell, K. W. & McKenna, J. D.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Coal desulfurization by bacterial treatment and column flotation. Final report

Description: A review of the literature showed that bacterial leaching, using the microorganism Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, was a very effective technique for removing pyrite from coal, as it could dissolve even the finest pyrite particles without the need for expensive reagents or extreme processing conditions. Unfortunately, bacterial leaching is also rather slow, and so the initial goal of this research was to decrease the leaching time as much as possible. However, this still left the bacteria needing ap… more
Date: June 1, 1994
Creator: Kawatra, S. K.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Sulfur release from Ohio coals and sorbent kinetics in pulverized coal flames. Final report

Description: In this report we describe the results of investigations into the structure of combustion and sulfur release profiles from coal burning in One-Dimensional P.C. flames using a furnace of unique design for the measurements. Selected measurements were also-carried out in a special high-intensity furnace also of unique design. The formal project work started in late Fall 1989, with unfunded preliminary work in the months prior to that. The process of limestone injection into the flame to control su… more
Date: August 1, 1992
Creator: Essenhigh, R.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Ultrafine calcium aerosol: Generation and use as a sorbent for sulfur in coal combustion. Volume 1, Experimental work: Final report, August 1, 1988--October 31, 1991

Description: Studies conducted at Ohio University and elsewhere have demonstrated that ultrafine aerosols, which have the highest surface area per unit mass, have enhanced potential to efficiently remove sulfur dioxide form combustion gases. Therefore it is proposed to generate a very fine aerosol calcium-rich sorbent (or similar aerosols) for gas conditioning. The aerosol will be generated by vaporization of the sorbent compound and subsequent homogeneous nucleation. In experimental studies liquids as well… more
Date: November 1, 1991
Creator: Alam, M. K.; Nahar, N. U.; Stewart, G. D. & Prudich, M. E.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Demonstration of an advanced circulation fludized bed coal combustor phase 1: Cold model study. Final report

Description: It was found that there was a strong dependence of the density profile on the secondary air injection location and that there was a pronounced solid separation from the conveying gas, due to the swirl motion. Furthermore, the swirl motion generated strong internal circulation patterns and higher slip velocities than in the case of nonswirl motion as in an ordinary circulating fluidized bed. Radial solids flux profiles were measured at different axial locations. The general radial profile in a s… more
Date: March 20, 1993
Creator: Govind, R.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Extraction of Potential Pollutants From Ohio Coal by Synergistic Use of Supercritical Fluids. Final Report

Description: A synergistic supercritical extraction process was developed and its feasibility demonstrated using a semi-batch extraction process unit. The process was found to be effective in selectively cleaning organic sulfur from Ohio coals. Optimal case involved a mixture of CO{sub 2}, H{sub 2}O, and CH{sub 3}OH, and the removal of organic sulfur ranged from 35 to 55%. Combined with pyrite and mineral matter removal by gravity, the resulting coals would have 20--30% increased heating values and SO{sub 2… more
Date: August 3, 1990
Creator: Lee, S.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Pilot-scale testing of a new sorbent for combined SO{sub 2}/NO{sub x} removal. Final report

Description: A new regenerable sorbent concept for SO{sub 2} and NOx removal was pilot-tested at Ohio Edison`s Edgewater generating station at a 1.5 to 2-MW(e) level. A radial panel-bed filter of a new dry, granular sorbent was exposed to flue gas and regenerated in an experimental proof-of-concept program. The project was successful in demonstrating the new sorbent`s ability to achieve 90% SO{sub 2} removal, 30% NOx removal, and over 80% removal of residual particulates with realistic approach temperatures… more
Date: June 1, 1994
Creator: Nelson, S. Jr.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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The use of ethanol to remove sulfur from coal. Final report, September 1991--December 1992; Revision

Description: The initial technical goal in the project was to develop a chemical method for the cost effective removal of both inorganic and organic sulfur from Ohio coals. Verifying and using a process of reacting ethanol vapors with coal under conditions disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,888,029, the immediate technical objectives were to convert a small scale laborative batch process to a larger scale continuous process which can serve as the basis for commercial development of the technology. This involved get… more
Date: March 10, 1994
Creator: Savage, R. L.; Lazarov, L. K.; Prudich, M. E.; Lange, C. A. & Kumar, N.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Fundamental Study of Ammonia-Sulfur Dioxide Reactions to Form Solid Particles. Final Report

Description: The effects of reaction residence time, presence of inert particles and moisture content on the SO{sub 2} removal and the product particle size distributions have been determined. Results indicated that both gas phase and particle phase reach equilibria in a very short time. The presence of inert particles increases the SO{sub 2} removal efficiency slightly, with a greater increase in removal efficiency at higher surface areas. Moisture content is the most important parameter affecting SO{sub 2… more
Date: January 18, 1994
Creator: Biswas, P. & Bai, H.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Effect of Sorbent Attrition on Utilization. Final Report

Description: The overall objective for 1992-1993 was to investigate ways of using chemical attrition to improve dolomitic sorbent utilization for duct injection processes. It is known that one of the primary mechanisms for poor sorbent utilization lies in the fact that the products of SO{sub 2}-sorbent reactions have such large molar volumes that they plug the pores necessary for SO{sub 2} to diffuse into the particle interior. Any method that may cause the fracture of used sorbent particles will thus expos… more
Date: September 30, 1993
Creator: Keener, T. C.; Khang, S. J. & Li, G.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Recovery and recycling of limestone in LEC flue gas desulfurization. Final report, third year

Description: A potentially attractive flue gas desulfurization method called Limestone Emission Control (LEC) is currently being investigated by Prudich at Ohio University. In this process, beds of 1/8 inch limestone gravel particles absorb sulfur dioxide from flue gas. This forms sulfite and sulfate salts which coat limestone, blinding the surface and limiting utilization to 20%. Favorable economics can be generating when the unreacted portion of the limestone is recovered by mechanical grinding. This proj… more
Date: December 20, 1993
Creator: Gardner, N. C. & Boo, J. Y.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Ultrafine calcium aerosol: Generation and use of a sorbent for sulfur in coal combustion. Volume 2, Economics: Final report, August 1, 1988--October 31, 1991

Description: The goal of this study is to determine the cost effectiveness of using calcium-hydroxide powder sorbent in a commercial power plant flue gas desulfurization (FGD) application. The cost analysis methodology found herein is a direct application of the one found in the January 1986 report, ``Economic Evaluation of Dry-Injection Flue Gas Desulfurization Technology by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI). The EPRI study addresses the economic issue of installing a dry-injection FGD system on… more
Date: November 1, 1991
Creator: Alam, M. K.; Nahar, N. U.; Stewart, G. D. & Prudich, M. E.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Investigation of the use of fly-ash based autoclaved cellular concrete blocks in coal mines for air duct work. Final report, January 25, 1993--December 31, 1994

Description: Coal mines are required to provide ventilation to occupied portions of underground mines. Concrete block is used in this process to construct air duct walls. However, normal concrete block is heavy and not easy to work with and eventually fails dramatically after being loaded due to mine ceiling convergence and/or floor heave. Autoclaved cellular concrete block made from (70{plus_minus}%) coal fly ash is lightweight and less rigid when loaded. It is lighter and easier to use than regular concre… more
Date: June 19, 1995
Creator: Horvath, M.L.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Slurry combustion. Volume 1, Text: Final report

Description: The project described in this Report was to investigate the possibility of using sorbent added to coal-water fuel (CWF) mixtures as a means of reducing SOX emissions when burning Ohio coal. The results are significantly encouraging, with SOX concentrations reduced by amounts ranging from 25% to 65%, depending on the sorbent type and the firing conditions, where one major condition identified was the residence time in the flame gases. With the sorbent-loaded slurrys, the trend generally showed i… more
Date: June 21, 1993
Creator: Essenhigh, R.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Utilization of high sulfur coal in carbon fiber production. Final report, April 1993--August 1994

Description: PYROGRAF-III{trademark} is a highly graphitic vapor grown carbon fiber (VGCF) produced by the chemical vapor deposition of carbon on metallic catalysts in the temperature range of 1000{degrees}C. This is entirely different from commercial carbon fiber, which is made by first forming a filament and then graphitizing it in a high temperature oven. For PYROGRAF-III{trademark} small amounts of sulfur in the form of hydrogen sulfide are added to the process to enhance the yield. This method of suppl… more
Date: December 12, 1994
Creator: Burton, D. J. & Guth, J. R.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Zimmer slipstream magnesium hydroxide recovery demonstration. Volume I of II. Final report, April 1, 1993--May 31, 1995

Description: Dravo Lime has for many years supplied magnesium containing lime in the ranges of 3-6% MgO. Several years ago Dravo Lime realized the potential operating savings its FGD customers could benefit from if magnesium could be recovered from FGD waste streams. As a result, several different proprietary processes have been developed for the recovery of magnesium hydroxide. These recovery processes include steps for magnesium hydroxide separation, purification, and crystal growth. The process implement… more
Date: March 1, 1998
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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AFBC-HAGT, an efficient small scale power plant

Description: A team comprised of the Energy and Environmental Research Corporation (EER), the Will-Burt Company, and the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center (OARDC) designed installed and tested a pilot scale atmospheric fluidized (bubbling) bed combustion (AFBC) system to heat hot water. Following testing, a commercial prototype unit was installed at Cedar Lane Farms (CLF), near Wooster, Ohio. The unit was started up in January, 1995, and is currently in operation. It provides hot water for g… more
Date: December 31, 1997
Creator: Ashworth, Robert A.; Webner, Rodney L. & Keener, Harold M.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Investigation of transport process involved in FGD. Final repot, September 1, 1993--August 31, 1994

Description: The objectives of this five year plan of study are to experimentally obtain a basic understanding of (1) turbulent flow structure of the mixing zone and it influence on particle dispersion, (2) the effect of particle loading on turbulent properties and mixing, (3) the effect of jet entrainment, (4) water spray-sorbent interaction, sorbent wetting and mixing, (5) investigate the flow field where certain ratios of jet velocity to flu gas velocity result in regions of negative flow and define onse… more
Date: February 1, 1995
Creator: Kadambi, J.R.; Tien, J.S.; Yurteri, C.; Kadaba, V. & Assar, M.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Handling, transport and dispersion of sorbent powder for in-furnace injection. Final report, September 1, 1993--August 31, 1994

Description: The focus of this project is on sorbent injection technologies using dry, calcium-based sorbents for high-sulfur coal flue gas desulfurization. The goal is to provide research findings on handling, transport and dispersion of sorbent powder, aimed at improving SO{sub 2} (to at least 90%) removal and increasing sorbent utilization in a cost-effective fashion. The purpose of this project is to investigate the fundamental aspects of powder technology relevant to the fine sorbent powders, and to pr… more
Date: February 1, 1995
Creator: Fan, L.S.; Abou-Zeida, E.; Liang, S.C. & Luo, Xukun
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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