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Mild coal gasification: Product separation, pilot-unit support, twin screw heat transfer, and H sub 2 S evolution

Description: Our general objective is to further the development of efficient continuous mild coal gasification processes. Our efforts this year have been in four main areas. A new thrust has been to identify and develop efficient processes to separate the vapor product stream into particulate-free liquid and mist-free gas. We continued work aimed at predicting heat transfer rates (hence throughput) in externally-heated twin-screw pyrolyzers. We sought to provide technical support for the design, installati… more
Date: August 9, 1991
Creator: Camp, D. W.; Wallman, P. H. & Coburn, T. T.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Considerations for an active and passive scanner to assay nuclear waste drums

Description: Radioactive wastes are generated at many DOE laboratories, military facilities, fuel fabrication and enrichment plants, reactors, hospitals, and university research facilities. At all of these sites, wastes must be separated, packaged, categorized, and packed into some sort of container--usually 208-L (55-gal) drums--for shipment to waste-storage sites. Prior to shipment, the containers must be labeled, assayed, and certified; the assay value determines the ultimate disposition of the waste con… more
Date: June 8, 1990
Creator: Martz, H. E.; Azevedo, S. G.; Roberson, G. P.; Schneberk, D. J.; Koenig, Z. M. & Camp, D.C. (Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA (USA))
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Deterioration of plutonium isotopic analysis with neurtron damage to HPGe detectors

Description: The effects of neutron (n) damage on HPGe detectors used to measure Pu isotopic ratios were investigated. Both a p-type planar and an n-type coaxial detector were progressively neutron damaged up to a total integrated flux of >5{times}10{sup 9} n/cm{sup 2} from a {sup 252}Cf source. Severe deterioration of selected peak shapes and degradation in the Pu isotopic analysis capability were observed and quantified by using the GRPANL and MGA codes developed at LLNL. After an integrated exposure of 1… more
Date: September 1, 1991
Creator: Koenig, Z. M.; Gunnink, R.; Ruhter, W. D. & Camp, D. C.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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An isotopic analysis system for plutonium samples enriched in sup 238 Pu

Description: We have designed and built a gamma-ray spectrometer system that measures the relative plutonium isotopic abundances of plutonium oxide enriched in {sup 238}Pu. The first system installed at Westinghouse Savannah River Company was tested and evaluated on plutonium oxide in stainless steel EP60/61 containers. {sup 238}Pu enrichments ranged from 20% to 85%. Results show that 200 grams of plutonium oxide in an EP60.61 container can be measured with {plus minus}0.3% precision and better than {plus m… more
Date: August 1, 1991
Creator: Ruhter, W. D. & Camp, D. C.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Nondestructive and Quantitative Characterization of TRU and LLW Mixed-Waste Using Active and Passive Gamma-Ray Spectrometry and Computed Tomography

Description: The technology being proposed by LLNL is an Active and Passive Computed Tomography (A P CT) Drum Scanner for contact-handled (CH) wastes. It combines the advantages offered by two well-developed nondestructive assay technologies: gamma-ray spectrometry and computed tomography (CT). Coupled together, these two technologies offer to nondestructively and quantitatively characterize mixed- wastes forms. Gamma-ray spectroscopy uses one or more external radiation detectors to passively and nondestruc… more
Date: November 12, 1991
Creator: Camp, D. C. & Martz, H. E.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Mild coal gasification screw pyrolyzer development and design

Description: Our objective is to produce information and design recommendations needed for the development of an efficient continuous process for the mild gasification of caking bituminous coals. We have focused on the development of an externally heated pyrolyzer in which the sticky, reacting coal is conveyed by one or more screws. We have taken a multifaceted approach to forwarding the development of the externally-heated screw pyrolyzer. Small scale process experiments on a 38-mm single screw pyrolyzer h… more
Date: August 1, 1990
Creator: Camp, D.W.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Preliminary minimum detectable limit measurements in 208-L drums for selected actinide isotopes in mock-waste matrices

Description: Preliminary minimum detectable levels (MDLS) of selected actinide isotopes have been determined in full-scale, 55-gallon drums filled with a range of mock-waste materials from combustibles (0.14 g/CM{sup 3}) to sand (1.7 g/CM{sup 3}). Measurements were recorded from 100 to 10,000 seconds with selected actinide sources located in these drums at an edge position, on the center axis of a drum and midway between these two positions. Measurements were also made with a {sup 166}Ho source to evaluate … more
Date: July 30, 1992
Creator: Camp, D. C.; Wang, Tzu-Fang & Martz, H. E.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Active and passive computed tomography mixed waste focus area final report

Description: The Mixed Waste Focus Area (MWFA) Characterization Development Strategy delineates an approach to resolve technology deficiencies associated with the characterization of mixed wastes. The intent of this strategy is to ensure the availability of technologies to support the Department of Energy� s (DOE) mixed-waste, low-level or transuranic (TRU) contaminated waste characterization management needs. To this end the MWFA has defined and coordinated characterization development programs to ensure t… more
Date: November 6, 1998
Creator: Jackson, J A; Becker, G K; Camp, D C; Decman, D J; Martz, H E & Roberson, G P
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

ASPEN computer simulations of the mixed waste treatment project baseline flowsheet

Description: The treatment and disposal of mixed waste (i.e., waste containing both hazardous and radioactive components) is a challenging waste- management problem of particular concern to Department of Energy (DOE) sites throughout the United States. Traditional technologies used for destroying hazardous wastes must be re- evaluated for their ability to handle mixed wastes, and, in some cases, new technologies must be developed. The Mixed Waste Treatment Project (MWTP), a collaborative effort between Lawr… more
Date: July 5, 1994
Creator: Dietsche, L. J.; Upadhye, R. S.; Camp, D. W.; Pendergrass, J. A.; Borduin, L. C. & Thompson, T. K.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Active source requirements for assay of sludge drums on the BIR WIT system

Description: The design of the active source for active and passive computed tomography (A&PCT) is critical with respect to accuracy and throughput. The A&PCT active source requirements are highly dependent upon the attenuation properties of the waste matrix within the drum. On of the most highly attenuating waste matrices is sludge. This waste stream will consist of solidified aqueous waste consisting of IDC 001 first stage sludge and IDC 007 wet sludge. Also, the stream consists of solidified organic wast… more
Date: April 27, 1998
Creator: Roberson, G. P. & Camp, D. C.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Preliminary A{ampersand}PCT multiple detector design

Description: The next generation, multi-detector active and passive computed tomography (A&PCT) scanner will be optimized for speed and accuracy. At the Lawrence Livermore National Lab (LLNL) we have demonstrated the trade-offs between different A&PCT design parameters that affect the speed and quality of the assay results. These fundamental parameters govern the optimum system design. Although the multi-detector scanner design has priority put on speed to increase waste drum throughput, higher speed should… more
Date: June 30, 1997
Creator: Roberson, G.P., Martz, H.E., Camp, D.C., Decman, D.J., Johansson, E.M.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Gamma ray scanner systems for nondestructive assay of heterogeneous waste barrels

Description: Traditional gamma measurement errors are related to non-uniform measurement responses associated with unknown radioactive source and matrix material distributions. These errors can be reduced by application of tomographic techniques that measure these distributions. LLNL has developed two tomographic-based waste assay systems. They use external radioactive sources and tomography-protocol to map the attenuation within a waste barrel as a function of mono-energetic gamma-ray energy in waste conta… more
Date: August 1, 1997
Creator: Martz, H. E.; Roberson, G. P.; Decman, D. J.; Camp, D. C. & Levai, F.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Mixed Waste Treatment Project: LLNL and LANL computer simulations of integrated flowsheets

Description: Computer simulations of mixed waste processing flowsheets using ASPEN PLUS process simulation software were completed by a joint Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory/Los National Laboratory (LLNL/LANL) effort for the US Department of Energy Mixed Waste Treatment Project. The LLNL model used relatively detailed synthesized chemical ``cocktails`` to simulate waste streams. The LANL approach used less detail but made extensive use of simple steam splitters and thermodynamic coal models for combu… more
Date: March 1, 1994
Creator: Camp, D. W.; Dietsche, L. J.; Upadhye, R. S.; Borduin, L. C.; Pendergrass, J. A. & Thompson, T. K.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Depth profiling of polishing-induced contamination on fused silica surfaces

Description: Laser-induced damage on optical surfaces is often associated with absorbing contaminants introduced by the polishing process. This is particularly the case for UV optics. Here secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) was used to measure depth profiles of finished process contamination on fused silica surfaces. Contaminants detected include the major polishing compound components (Ce or Zr from CeO2 or ZrO2), Al presently largely because of the use of Al2O3 in the final cleaning process (Fe, Cu,Cr… more
Date: December 20, 1997
Creator: Kozlowski, M.R.; Carr, J.; Hutcheon, I,; Torres, R.; Sheehan, L. Camp, D. & Yan, M.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Active and passive computed tomography for nondestructive assay

Description: Traditional gamma-ray methods used to characterize nuclear waste introduce errors that are related to non-uniform measurement responses associated with unknown radioactive source and matrix material distributions. These errors can be reduced by applying an active and passive tomographic technique (A&PCT) developed at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). The technique uses an external radioactive source and active tomography to map the attenuation within a waste barrel as a functio… more
Date: October 28, 1998
Creator: Bernardi, R. T.; Camp, D. E.; Clard, D.; Jackson, J. A.; Martz, H. E.; Decman, D. J. et al.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Study of the effects of polishing, etching, cleaving, and water leaching on the UV laser damage of fused silica

Description: A damage morphology study was performed with a 355 nm Nd:YAG laser on synthetic UV-grade fused silica to determine the effects of post- polish chemical etching on laser-induced damage, compare damage morphologies of cleaved and polished surfaces, and understand the effects of the hydrolyzed surface layer and waste-crack interactions. The samples were polished , then chemically etched in buffered HF solution to remove 45,90,135, and 180 nm of surface material. Another set of samples was cleaved … more
Date: December 23, 1997
Creator: Yoshiyama, J.; Genin, F.Y.; Salleo, A.; Thomas, I.; Kozlowski, M.R.; Sheehan, L.M. et al.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Characterization of waste drums using nonintrusive active and passive computed tomography

Description: We have developed a data acquisition scanner for gamma-ray nondestructive assay (NDA) active and passive computed tomography (A&PCT) along with associated computational techniques for image reconstruction, analysis, and display. We are using this scanner to acquire data sets of mock-waste drums at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNIL). In this paper, we discuss some issues associated with gamma-ray spectroscopy assay, NDA imaging, describe the design and construction of an NDA drum sca… more
Date: August 1, 1994
Creator: Roberson, G. P.; Martz, H. E.; Decman, D. J.; Camp, D. C.; Azevedo, S. G. & Keto, E. R.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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