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Malone refrigeration

Description: Malone refrigeration is the use of a liquid near its critical points without evaporations as working fluid in a regenerative or recuperative refrigeration cycle such as the Stirling and Brayton cycles. It's potential advantages include compactness, efficiency, an environmentally benign working fluid, and reasonable cost. One Malone refrigerator has been built and studied; two more are under construction. Malone refrigeration is such a new, relatively unexplored technology that the potential for… more
Date: January 1, 1993
Creator: Swift, G.W.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Emissions of greenhouse gases in the United States, 1985--1990

Description: The Earth`s capacity to support life depends on the moderating influences of gases that envelop the planet and warm its surface and protect it from harmful radiation. These gases are referred to as ``greenhouse gases.`` Their warming capacity, called ``the greenhouse effect,`` is essential to maintaining a climate hospitable to all plant, animal, and human life. In recent years, however, there has been increasing concern that human activity may be affecting the intricate balance between the Ear… more
Date: November 10, 1993
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Statement on global climate change before the Subcommittee on Energy and Power, United States House of Representatives

Description: Greenhouse gases are gases which are effectively transparent to incoming sunlight but absorb infrared radiation escaping to space and thereby warm the surface of the Earth. Human activities result in the release of greenhouse and related gases in such quantities that they are changing the composition of the atmosphere. Greenhouse and related gases which human activities release include carbon dioxide (CO{sub 2}), methane (CH{sub 4}) carbon monoxide (CO), nitrous oxide (N{sub 2}O), nitrogen oxid… more
Date: April 1, 1993
Creator: Edmonds, J. A.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Testing of CFC replacement fluids for arc-induced toxic by-products

Description: The authors have developed a unique test-stand for quantifying the generation of perfluoroisobutylene (PFIB) in chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) replacement fluids when they are subjected to high electrical stress/breakdown environments. PFIB is an extremely toxic gas with a threshold limit value of 10 ppbv as set by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. They have tested several new fluids from various manufacturers for their potential to generate PFIB. Their goal is to determi… more
Date: June 1, 1993
Creator: Cravey, W. R.; Goerz, D. A. & Hawley-Fedder, R. A.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Malone refrigeration

Description: Malone refrigeration is the use of a liquid near its critical points without evaporations as working fluid in a regenerative or recuperative refrigeration cycle such as the Stirling and Brayton cycles. It`s potential advantages include compactness, efficiency, an environmentally benign working fluid, and reasonable cost. One Malone refrigerator has been built and studied; two more are under construction. Malone refrigeration is such a new, relatively unexplored technology that the potential for… more
Date: June 1, 1993
Creator: Swift, G. W.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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The technical viability of alternative blowing agents in polyisocyanurate roof insulation: A cooperative industry/government project

Description: This report is a summary of the cooperative industry/government program to establish the viability of alternative blowing agents to chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). The project was initiated in 1989 following two workshops that focused on needed research on thermal insulation blown with substitutes for CFC-11 and CFC-12. The project is directed by a steering committee of representatives of the sponsors and of Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). The purpose of the project is to determine if the per… more
Date: June 1, 1993
Creator: Christian, J. E.; Courville, G. E.; Desjarlais, A. O.; Graves, R. S.; Linkous, R. L.; McElroy, D. L. et al.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Materials Compatibility and Lubricants Research of CFC-refrigerant substitutes. Quarterly technical progress report, 1 April 1993--30 June 1993

Description: The Materials Compatibility and Lubricants Research (MCLR) program supports critical research to accelerate the introduction of CFC and HCFC refrigerant substitutes. The DCLR program addresses refrigerant and lubricant properties and materials compatibility. The primary elements of the work include data collection and dissemination, materials compatibility testing, and methods development. The work is guided by an Advisory Committee consisting of technical experts from the refrigeration and air… more
Date: July 1, 1993
Creator: Godwin, D. S.; Hourahan, G. C. & Szymurski, S. R.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Pollution prevention and waste minimization tools workshops: Proceedings. Part 2

Description: The purpose of the second workshop was to bring together representatives of DOE and DOE contractor organizations to discuss four topics: process waste assessments (PWAs), a continuation of one of the sessions held at the first workshop in Clearwater; waste minimization reporting requirements; procurement systems for waste minimization; and heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) and replacements for chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). The topics were discussed in four concurrent group session… more
Date: December 31, 1993
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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A research needs assessment: Energy efficient alternatives to chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). Final reprot

Description: An assessment of the state of the art in refrigeration and insulation technologies is carried out to evaluate the potential for efficient substitutes for CFCs and HCFCs to facilitate the transition to a CFC-free environment. Opportunities for improved efficiency in domestic refrigeration, building chillers, commercial refrigeration and industrial refrigeration are evaluated. Needs for alternate refrigerants, improved components, and/or alternate cycles are identified. A summary of on-going rese… more
Date: June 1, 1993
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Age dating ground water by use of chlorofluorocarbons (CCl{sub 3}F and CCl{sub 2}F{sub 2}), and distribution of chlorofluorocarbons in the unsaturated zone, Snake River Plain aquifer, Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Idaho

Description: Detectable concentrations of chlorofluorocarbons (CFC`s) were observed in ground water and unsaturated-zone air at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL) and vicinity. The recharge ages of waters were determined to be from 4 to more than 50 years on the basis of CFC concentrations and other environmental data; most ground waters have ages of 14 to 30 years. These results indicate that young ground water was added at various locations to the older regional ground water (greater than 50… more
Date: April 1, 1993
Creator: Busenberg, E.; Weeks, E. P.; Plummer, L. N. & Bartholomay, R. C.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Infrared absorption strengths of potential gaseous diffusion plant coolants and related reaction products

Description: The DOE gaseous diffusion plant complex makes extensive use of CFC-114 as a primary coolant. As this material is scheduled for production curtailment within the next few years, a search for substitutes is underway, and apparently workable alternatives have been found and are under testing. The presently favored substitutes, FC-c3l8 and FC-3110, satisfy ozone depletion and operational chemical compatibility concerns, but will be long-lived greenhouse gases, and thus may be regulated on that basi… more
Date: May 1, 1993
Creator: Trowbridge, L. D. & Angel, E. C.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

ARI delegation to Japan on Alternative Refrigerants

Description: Researchers from ARI member companies spoke at the International Conference on Alternative Refrigerants in Tokyo and visited several Japanese organizations for the purpose of exchanging information on alternative refrigerants. The specific purpose of the meetings was to review the methods being utilized to screen alternatives to CFCs and HCFCs: materials compatibility screening methods, lubricant testing techniques, as well as flammability studies. A list of papers presented at the conference i… more
Date: February 1, 1993
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Hanford Site Treated Effluent Disposal Facility process flow sheet

Description: This report presents a novel method of using precipitation, destruction and recycle factors to prepare a process flow sheet. The 300 Area Treated Effluent Disposal Facility (TEDF) will treat process sewer waste water from the 300 Area of the Hanford Site, located near Richland, Washington, and discharge a permittable effluent flow into the Columbia River. When completed and operating, the TEDF effluent water flow will meet or exceed water quality standards for the 300 Area process sewer effluen… more
Date: April 1, 1993
Creator: Bendixsen, R. B.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

ARI delegation to Japan on Alternative Refrigerants. [Foreign Trip Report]

Description: Researchers from ARI member companies spoke at the International Conference on Alternative Refrigerants in Tokyo and visited several Japanese organizations for the purpose of exchanging information on alternative refrigerants. The specific purpose of the meetings was to review the methods being utilized to screen alternatives to CFCs and HCFCs: materials compatibility screening methods, lubricant testing techniques, as well as flammability studies. A list of papers presented at the conference i… more
Date: February 1, 1993
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Microwave and Pulsed Power

Description: The goals of the Microwave and Pulsed Power thrust area are to identify realizable research and development efforts and to conduct high-quality research in those pulse power and microwave technologies that support existing and emerging programmatic requirements at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). Our main objective is to work on nationally important problems while enhancing our basic understanding of enabling technologies such as component design and testing, compact systems packa… more
Date: March 1, 1993
Creator: Freytag, E. K.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Accelerated line-by-line calculations for the radiative transfer of trace gases related to climate studies. Progress report No. 1, 15 September 1993--14 September 1994

Description: In the present study we are studying the effects of including carbon dioxide, ozone, methane, and the halocarbons in addition to water vapor in the radiating atmosphere. The study has focused on two principal issues: the effect on the spectral fluxes and cooling rates of carbon dioxide, ozone and the halocarbons at 1990 concentration levels and the change in fluxes and cooling rates as a consequence of the anticipated ten year change in the profiles of these species. For the latter study the wa… more
Date: November 15, 1993
Creator: Clough, S. A.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Materials Compatibility and Lubricants Research on CFC-refrigerant substitutes. Quarterly technical progress report, 1 July 1993--30 September 1993

Description: The Materials Compatibility and Lubricants Research (MCLR) program supports critical research to accelerate the introduction of CFC and HCFC refrigerant substitutes. The MCLR program addresses refrigerant and lubricant properties and materials compatibility. The primary elements of the work include data collection and dissemination, materials compatibility testing, and methods development. The work is guided by an Advisory Committee consisting of technical experts from the refrigeration and air… more
Date: October 1, 1993
Creator: Szymurski, S. R.; Hourahan, G. C. & Godwin, D. S.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Overview of global greenhouse effects

Description: This report reviews the factors that influence the evolution of climate and climate change. Recent studies have confirmed that CO{sub 2}, O{sub 3}, N{sub 2}O, CH{sub 4}, and chlorofluorocarbos are increasing in abundance in the atmosphere and can alter the radiation balance by means of the so-called greenhouse effect. The greenhouse effect is as well-accepted phenomenon, but the prediction of its consequences is much less certain. Attempts to detect a human-caused temperature change are still i… more
Date: September 1, 1993
Creator: Reck, R. A.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Motion planning for robotic spray cleaning with environmentally safe solvents

Description: Automatic motion planning of a spray cleaning robot with collision avoidance is presented in this paper. In manufacturing environments, electronic and mechanical components are traditionally cleaned by spraying or dipping them using chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) solvents. As new scientific data show that such solvents are major causes for stratospheric ozone depletion, an alternate cleaning method is needed. Part cleaning with aqueous solvents is environmentally safe, but can require precision spray… more
Date: September 1, 1993
Creator: Hwang, Yong K.; Meirans, L. & Drotning, W. D.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Ozone depletion, paradigms, and politics

Description: The destruction of the Earth`s protective ozone layer is a prime environmental concern. Industry has responded to this environmental problem by: implementing conservation techniques to reduce the emission of ozone-depleting chemicals (ODCs); using alternative cleaning solvents that have lower ozone depletion potentials (ODPs); developing new, non-ozone-depleting solvents, such as terpenes; and developing low-residue soldering processes. This paper presents an overview of a joint testing program… more
Date: October 1, 1993
Creator: Iman, R. L.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

In-situ aging of roof systems containing polyisocyanurate roof insulation foamed with alternative blowing agents

Description: Experimental polyisocyanurate (PIR) foam roof insulations with permeable facers were installed in roofing systems and continuously monitored for thermal performance for four years. The foams were produced using a specific formulation that represented current technology in 1989 and were blown with CFC-11, HCFC-123, and HCFC-141b. These foams were installed in roof systems comprised of loosely-laid insulation boards covered by either a loosely-laid single ply white or black membrane. The in-situ … more
Date: October 1, 1993
Creator: Desjarlais, A. O.; Christian, J. E. & Graves, R. S.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Research Update: ARTI Materials Compatibility and Lubricant Research (MCLR) program

Description: Since September 1991, the Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Technology Institute (ARTI) has been conducting materials compatibility and lubricants research on chlorfluorocarbons (CFC) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFC) refrigerant alternatives. During the first two years of this program, ARTI has subcontracted and managed sixteen research projects totaling over $4 million. This research has included materials compatibility tests, refrigerant-lubricant interaction studies, measurement of therm… more
Date: October 1, 1993
Creator: Szymurski, S. R.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Passive Cryogenic Sampler

Description: Sampling is the key step in any analysis regime. Gaseous systems only magnify the critical nature of the sampling step. The Passive Cryogenic Gas Sampler provides a proven, cost-effective way to obtain high-quality samples. This report specifies some advantages and design specifications of the Passive Cryogenic Gas Sampler.
Date: October 1, 1993
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Metrology process waste assessment: Fluorinert bath temperature calibration Z951-421-1

Description: Fluorinert, FC-40 and FC-72, was chosen for this pilot Process Waste Assessment (PWA) because it is the most frequently used chemical in Metrology. Fluorinert has been used since 1986 as a substitute for trichloroethylene. Although it is much safer than trichloroethylene, it still has disadvantages. If Fluorinert is taken above its boiling point it will produce toxic chemicals, creating a health hazard rating of 4. To prevent this occurrence, over-temperature controls are installed on the bath … more
Date: September 1, 1993
Creator: Mohr, G. V.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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