49 Matching Results

Search Results

Advanced search parameters have been applied.
in subjects: "Biological Radiation Effects"  
prev Results: 25 - 48 next
open access

Effects of low-dose prenatal irradiation on the central nervous system

Description: Scientists are in general agreement about the effects of prenatal irradiation, including those affecting the central nervous system (CNS). Differing concepts and research approaches have resulted in some uncertainties about some quantitative relationships, underlying interpretations, and conclusions. Examples of uncertainties include the existence of a threshold, the quantitative relationships between prenatal radiation doses and resulting physical and functional lesions, and processes by which… more
Date: April 1, 1992
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Activities of the National Academy of Sciences in relation to the Radiation Effects Research Foundation

Description: This progress report relates progress in the various research projects evaluating the late health effects, both somatic and genetic, resulting from radiation exposure of the survivors of the atomic bombs at Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan. Considerable progress has been made in the collection and utilization of the various epidemiological data bases. These include the Life Span Study, (LSS) cohort, the Adult Health Study (AHS) cohort, the In Utero cohort, the leukemia registry and the F-1 Study p… more
Date: June 1, 1992
Creator: Edington, C. W.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

The study of human mutation rates

Description: We will describe recent developments regarding the question of induced mutations in the survivors of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. As part of that work we, describe some developments with respect to the Amerindian blood samples collected under DoE sponsorship between 1964 and 1982. Then developments regarding the application of two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-D PAGE) to the study of genetic variation and mutation affecting protein characteristics. In parti… more
Date: January 1, 1992
Creator: Neel, J. V.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Effects of low-dose radiation on gene expression in Syrian hamster embryo cells: Comparison of JANUS neutrons and gamma rays

Description: Past work by or group and others has shown the modulation of specific genes following exposure of cells to ionizing radiation. Many classes of genes have been found to be modulated in response to ionizing radiation, including those encoding cytoskeletal elements, cell growth arresting proteins, cytokines, and cellular oncogenes. The functions of this specific modulation of gene expression are currently being investigated by several groups: it has been suggested that gene modulation in response … more
Date: January 1, 1992
Creator: Woloschak, G. E. & Chang-Liu, C. M.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Factors affecting mutational specificity induced by ionizing radiation and oxidizing radicals

Description: We propose to analyze the factors affecting the specificity of mutational change as induced by ionizing radiation and oxidizing radicals. We want to understand not only the rules the affect base substitution but also the mechanisms(s) by which additions and deletions are produced, since deletions are a common consequence of radiation. We wish to carry out this analysis in an in vitro mutation system that permits us to analyze the role of base sequence, of polymerase and of mutagenic agent. Our … more
Date: January 1, 1992
Creator: Strauss, B.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Nanodosimetry and nanodosimetric-based models of radiation action for radon alpha particles. Progress report, July 1, 1991--June 30, 1992

Description: The objective of our research work is to provide -- with the aid of biophysical models of radiation action -- information on human risks following exposure to radon alpha particles. The approach proposed consists of (1) developing appropriate models (parametric and non-parametric) for alpha radiation induction of relevant end points (survival, cellular transformation), (2) providing an accurate physical characterization of the particle tracks in terms of nanodosimetric distributions, (3) suppor… more
Date: April 1, 1992
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

The development of in vitro mutagenicity testing systems using T-lymphocytes. Research progress report, November 1, 1989--April 30, 1992

Description: This work has focused on the development of in vitro T-cell mutation assays. Conditions have been defined to measure the in vitro induction of mutations at the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (hprt) locus in human T-lymphocytes. This assay is a parallel to our in vivo hprt assay, in that the same cells are utilized. However, the in vitro assay allows for carefully controlled dose response studies. 21 refs., 16 figs., 13 tabs.
Date: May 1, 1992
Creator: Albertini, R. J.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Comparative mutagenesis of human cells in vivo and in vitro

Description: This report discusses measuring methods of point mutations; high density cell cultures for low dose studies; measurement and sequence determination of mutations in DNA; the mutational spectra of styrene oxide and ethlyene oxide in TK-6 cells; mutational spectrum of Cr in human lymphoblast cells; mutational spectra of radon in TK-6 cells; and the mutational spectra of smokeless tobacco. (CBS)
Date: May 1, 1992
Creator: Thilly, W. G.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Effects of Low-Dose Prenatal Irradiation on the Central Nervous System

Description: Summary of workshop discussions by scientists with varying backgrounds and viewpoints to consider the effects of radiation on prenatal nervous systems; these relationships and explored ways in which various disciplines could coordinate concepts and methodologies to suggest research directions for resolving uncertainties. This report outlines salient features of the presentations on the current status of our knowledge about the radiobiology and neuroscience of prenatal irradiation and the relati… more
Date: April 1, 1992
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Life sciences and environmental sciences

Description: The DOE laboratories play a unique role in bringing multidisciplinary talents -- in biology, physics, chemistry, computer sciences, and engineering -- to bear on major problems in the life and environmental sciences. Specifically, the laboratories utilize these talents to fulfill OHER`s mission of exploring and mitigating the health and environmental effects of energy use, and of developing health and medical applications of nuclear energy-related phenomena. At Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (LBL… more
Date: February 1, 1992
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Is there a large risk of radiation? A critical review of pessimistic claims

Description: A number of situations where it has been claimed that moderate radiation doses cause leukemia or other cancers are carefully reviewed. We look at cases in the United States, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union. Usually it can be demonstrated that there is an alternative, more probable, explanation for the effect seen. In several cases the authors of the papers have fallen into statistical traps. The most frequent is a posteriori selection of cohort boundaries in both space and time: a trap illu… more
Date: July 1, 1992
Creator: Shihab-Eldin, A.; Shlyakhter, A. & Wilson, R.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

United States-Russian workshop on the stochastic health effects of radiation

Description: In August 1988, two years after the Chernobyle accident, the United States and the Soviet Union signed an agreement to sponsor a Joint coordinating Committee on Civilian Nuclear Reactor Safety, (JCCCNRS). The Soviet Union agreed to provide some information on late effects of radiation exposures and to attempt to add some new insights into low dose and low dose rate radiation consequences. At that time, it had just been revealed that significant radiation exposures had occurred in the South Ural… more
Date: December 31, 1992
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

(Theory of relative biological effectiveness)

Description: Research continued on relative biological effectiveness, in the following areas: radial distribution of dose about the path of an energetic heavy ion; the response of E. Coli mutants to ionizing radiations; the application of a fragmentation model to to the calculation of cell survival and mutation with heavy ion beams; biological radiation effects from gamma radiation and heavy ion beams on organisms; cancer induction in the Harderian Gland by HZE particles; and effects of low dose radiations.… more
Date: June 15, 1992
Creator: Katz, R.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

The assessment of risks from exposure to low-levels of ionizing radiation

Description: This report is concerned with risk assessments for human populations receiving low level radiation doses; workers routinely exposed to radiation, Japanese victims of nuclear bombs, and the general public are all considered. Topics covered include risk estimates for cancer, mortality rates, risk estimates for nuclear site workers, and dosimetry.
Date: June 1, 1992
Creator: Gilbert, E. S.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

USA/CIS coordinating committee and its hydrologic studies

Description: The United States and the former Soviet Union (now the Commonwealth of Independent States) have set up the Joint Coordinating Committee on Civilian Nuclear Reactor Safety (JCCCNRS) to enhance safe operation of civilian nuclear reactors. The agreement contains Section 7.1, Environmental Transport,'' and Section 7.2 Health Impacts.'' Main objectives of the programs under JCCCNRS are to test and improve methodologies, mathematical models, technologies, and techniques need to understand and to more… more
Date: September 1, 1992
Creator: Onishi, Y.; Petrie, G.M.; Vail, L.W. (Pacific Northwest Lab., Richland, WA (United States)); Voytscekhovitch, O.V. (Ukrainskiy Nauchno-Issledovatel'skiy Gidrometeorologicheskiy Inst., Kiev (Ukraine)); Zheleznyak, M.J. (AN Ukrainskoj SSR, Kiev (Ukraine). Inst. Kibernetiki); Shershakov, V.M. et al.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Scoping Calculation for Components of the Cow-Milk Dose Pathway for Evaluating the Dose Contribution From Iodine-131

Description: A series of scoping calculations have been undertaken to evaluate The absolute and relative contribution of different exposure pathways to doses that may have been received by individuals living in the vicinity of the Hanford site. This scoping calculation (Calculation 001) examined the contributions of the various exposure pathways associated with environmental transport and accumulation of iodine-131 in the pasture-cow-milk pathway. Addressed in this calculation were the contributions to thyr… more
Date: December 1, 1992
Creator: Ikenberry, T. A. & Napier, B. A.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Radiation-induced micrencephaly in guinea pigs

Description: The effect of x rays on brain weight of guinea pig pups at birth was studied for 21-day old embroys exposed in utero to doses of 75 and 100 mGy. When compared to controls and when corrected for body weight, gestation time, litter size, sex, and examiner differences the brains of irradiated pups weighed approximately 46 mg less than those of controls (p<0.001) for the 75-mGy group and about 55 mg less for the 100-mGy group. Brains of females weighed 51 mg less than those of males of the same bod… more
Date: January 1, 1992
Creator: Wagner, L.K.; Johnston, D.A. & Felleman, D.J.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Laser-induced contained-vaporization in tissue

Description: When a transparent liquid or solid medium is present in front of an opaque target being irradiated by an intense laser beam, then the expansion of hot vapors generated (at the interface between the medium and the target) by the irradiant heating of the target is restrained by the medium. The tamping effect of the overlying liquid or solid can cause a much larger fraction of the deposited energy to go into kinetic energy, which leads to enhanced tissue disruption, compared to when a gas or vacuu… more
Date: March 1, 1992
Creator: Dingus, R. S.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Scoping calculation for components of the cow-milk dose pathway for evaluating the dose contribution from iodine-131. Hanford Environmental Dose Reconstruction Project: Dose code recovery activities

Description: A series of scoping calculations have been undertaken to evaluate The absolute and relative contribution of different exposure pathways to doses that may have been received by individuals living in the vicinity of the Hanford site. This scoping calculation (Calculation 001) examined the contributions of the various exposure pathways associated with environmental transport and accumulation of iodine-131 in the pasture-cow-milk pathway. Addressed in this calculation were the contributions to thyr… more
Date: December 1, 1992
Creator: Ikenberry, T. A. & Napier, B. A.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

USA/CIS coordinating committee and its hydrologic studies

Description: The United States and the former Soviet Union (now the Commonwealth of Independent States) have set up the Joint Coordinating Committee on Civilian Nuclear Reactor Safety (JCCCNRS) to enhance safe operation of civilian nuclear reactors. The agreement contains Section 7.1, ``Environmental Transport,`` and Section 7.2 ``Health Impacts.`` Main objectives of the programs under JCCCNRS are to test and improve methodologies, mathematical models, technologies, and techniques need to understand and to … more
Date: September 1, 1992
Creator: Onishi, Y.; Petrie, G. M.; Vail, L. W.; Voytscekhovitch, O. V.; Zheleznyak, M. J.; Shershakov, V. M. et al.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Radiation-induced micrencephaly in guinea pigs

Description: The effect of x rays on brain weight of guinea pig pups at birth was studied for 21-day old embroys exposed in utero to doses of 75 and 100 mGy. When compared to controls and when corrected for body weight, gestation time, litter size, sex, and examiner differences the brains of irradiated pups weighed approximately 46 mg less than those of controls (p<0.001) for the 75-mGy group and about 55 mg less for the 100-mGy group. Brains of females weighed 51 mg less than those of males of the same bod… more
Date: November 1, 1992
Creator: Wagner, L. K.; Johnston, D. A. & Felleman, D. J.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

An analytical method for estimating the {sup 14}N nuclear quadrupole resonance parameters of organic compounds with complex free induction decays for radiation effects studies

Description: The use of {sup 14}N nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) as a radiation dosimetry tool has only recently been explored. An analytical method for analyzing {sup 14}N NQR complex free induction decays is presented with the background necessary to conduct pulsed NQR experiments. The {sup 14}N NQR energy levels and possible transitions are derived in step-by-step detail. The components of a pulsed NQR spectrometer are discussed along with the experimental techniques for conducting radiation effects … more
Date: 1992
Creator: Iselin, L. H.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Thesis or Dissertation
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

In vivo mutagenicity and clastogenicity of ionizing radiation in nuclear medicine

Description: The overall goal of our research remains to investigate the mutagenic and clastogenic effects of exposure to low levels of ionizing radiation to human lymphocytes. Principally, we are studying hospital patients referred to a nuclear medicine department for diagnostic cardiac imaging and nuclear medicine technologies who administer radionuclides. Emphasis in the first year, as described in the first progress report, was on optimization of the hprt mutation assay, measurement of mutant frequencie… more
Date: 1992~
Creator: Kelsey, K. T.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

In vivo mutagenicity and clastogenicity of ionizing radiation in nuclear medicine

Description: The overall goal of our research was to investigate the mutagenic and clastogenic effects of exposure to low levels of ionizing radiation to human lymphocytes. Principally, we studied hospital patients referred to a nuclear medicine department for diagnostic cardiac imaging and nuclear medicine technologists who administer radionuclides. Emphasis in the first year, as described in the first progress report, was on optimization of the hprt mutation assay, measurement of mutant frequencies in pat… more
Date: 1992
Creator: Kelsey, K. T.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
Back to Top of Screen