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Pacific Northwest Laboratory, annual report for 1983 to the DOE Office of Energy Research. Part 4. Physical sciences

Description: Part 4 of the Pacific Northwest Laboratory Annual Report for 1983 to the Office of Energy Research, includes those programs funded under the title Physical and Technological Research. The Field Task Program Studies reports in this document are grouped under the subheadings and each section is introduced by a divider page that indicates the Field Task Agreement reported in that section. These reports only briefly indicate progress made during 1983. The reader should contact the principal investi… more
Date: February 1, 1984
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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New technique to improve the accuracy of albedo neutron dosimeter evaluations

Description: The calibration factor for albedo neutron dosimeters varies greatly depending upon the energy of the neutrons in the exposure. Calibration results obtained over an eight-year period at each Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory facility where neutron exposure may occur were reviewed. A stronger relationship than expected was found between the ratio of the readings of the 9-in. to 3-in. spheres and the percent thermal. Readings from personnel and albedo badges were reviewed. The readings were c… more
Date: January 1, 1984
Creator: Hankins, D.E.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Pacific Northwest Laboratory annual report for 1983 to the DOE Office of the Assistant Secretary for Environmental Protection, Safety and Emergency Preparedness. Part 5. Overview and assessment

Description: The 1983 annual report from Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) to the Department of Energy (DOE) describes research in environment, health, and safety conducted during fiscal year 1983. The report again consists of five parts, each in a separate volume. Part 5 of the 1983 Annual Report to the Department of Energy's Assistant Secretary for Environmental Protection, Safety and Emergency Preparedness presents Pacific Northwest Laboratory's progress on work performed for the Office of Nuclear Safet… more
Date: February 1, 1984
Creator: Bair, W.J.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Neutron dosimetry of the Little Boy device

Description: Neutron dose rates at several angular locations and at distances out to 0.5 mile have been measured during critical operation of the Little Boy replica. We used modified remmetes and thermoluminescent dosimetry techniques for the measurements. The present status of our analysis is presented including estimates of the neutron-dose-relaxation length in air and the variation of the neutron-to-gamma-ray dose ratio with distance from the replica. These results are preliminary and are subject to dete… more
Date: January 1, 1984
Creator: Pederson, R.A. & Plassmann, E.A.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Neutron spectrum measurements using proton recoil proportional counters: results of measurements of leakage spectra for the Little Boy assembly

Description: Measurements of degraded fission-neutron spectra using recoil proportional counters are done routinely for studies involving fast reactor mockups. The same techniques are applicable to measurements of neutron spectra required for personnel dosimetry in fast neutron environments. A brief discussion of current applications of these methods together with the results of a measurement made on the LITTLE BOY assembly at Los Alamos are here described.
Date: January 1, 1984
Creator: Bennett, E.F. & Yule, T.J.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Gamma-ray dosimetry measurements of the Little Boy replica

Description: We present the current status of our gamma-ray dosimetry results for the Little Boy replica. Both Geiger-Mueller and thermoluminescent detectors were used in the measurements. Future work is needed to test assumptions made in data analysis.
Date: January 1, 1984
Creator: Plassmann, E.A. & Pederson, R.A.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Critical commentary on dose-rate evaluations

Description: Survivors of Hiroshima and Nagasaki present a unique problem in dosimetry: the effects of radiation exposure may be inferred although the exposure itself is unknown. Experience with a replica of Little Boy demonstrates the difficulties of measuring dose rates, the problems of comparing measurements with calculations, and the inadequacy of the conventional standards that are used to calibrate dosimeters.
Date: January 1, 1984
Creator: Dowdy, E.J.; Malenfant, R.E. & Plassmann, E.A.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Neutron and gamma-ray dose measurements at various distances from the Little Boy replica

Description: We measured neutron and gamma-ray dose rates at various distances from the Little Boy-Comet Critical Assembly at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) in April of 1983. The Little Boy-Comet Assembly is a replica of the atomic weapon detonated over Hiroshima, designed to be operated at various steady-state power levels. The selected distances for measurement ranged from 107 m to 567 m. Gamma-ray measurements were made with a Reuter-Stokes environmental ionization chamber which has a sensitivity … more
Date: August 1, 1984
Creator: Huntzinger, C.J. & Hankins, D.E.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Uranium internal exposure evaluation based on urine assay data

Description: The difficulties in assessing internal exposures to uranium from urine assay data are described. A simplified application of the ICRP-30 and ICRP Lung Model concepts to the estimation of uranium intake is presented. A discussion follows on the development of a computer code utilizing the ICRP-30-based uranium elimination model with the existing urine assay information. The calculated uranium exposures from 1949 through 1983 are discussed. 13 references, 1 table.
Date: September 1, 1984
Creator: Lawrence, J.N.P.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Characterization of fuel distributions in the Three-Mile Island Unit 2 (TMI-2) reactor system by neutron and gamma-ray dosimetry

Description: The resolution of technical issues generated by the accident at Three-Mile Island Unit 2 (TMI-2) will inevitably be of long range benefit. Determination of the fuel debris dispersal in the TMI-2 reactor system represents a major technical issue. In reactor recovery operations, such as for the safe handling and final disposal of TMI-2 waste, quantitative fuel assessments are being conducted throughout the reactor core and primary coolant system.
Date: April 1, 1984
Creator: Gold, R.; Roberts, J. H.; Ruddy, F. H.; Preston, C. C.; McNeece, J. P.; Kaiser, B. J. et al.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Evaluation of the /sup 63/Cu activation foil for determining the neutron dose in the energy range of 1 eV to 1 MeV

Description: The appropriateness of the /sup 63/Cu activation foil for determining the neutron dose in the energy region from 1 eV to 1 MeV has been investigated for spectra of seven different criticality accident configurations. A program was written for folding the published spectra with the /sup 63/Cu activation cross sections and with the fluence-to-dose or kerma conversion factors. It is shown that for these spectra the neutron dose and kerma result primarily from the energy region above 15 keV whereas… more
Date: August 1, 1984
Creator: Eisen, Y.; Vasilik, D.G. & Brake, R.J.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Studies of a digital approach to neutron dosimetry and microdosimetry

Description: A digital approach to neutron dosimetry is described. The paper reports on the initial Monte Carlo calculations of the detailed transport of protons and electrons in Ar, CH/sub 4/, and P-10 gases. 8 references, 10 figures, 1 table. (ACR)
Date: January 1, 1984
Creator: Turner, J. E.; Hamm, R. N.; Hurst, G. S.; Wright, H. A.; Chiles, M. M. & Greene, R. T.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Thermoluminescence kinetics in materials exposed to the low doses applicable to dating and dosimetry

Description: Thermoluminescence (TL) kinetics have been investigated for low dose situations applicable to dating, dosimetry, and recent geological deposits. Studied were the general one-trap kinetic equation, which reduces to the well known 1st and 2nd order kinetic equations when various assumptions apply, and the interactive kinetic equations, which describes TL in materials exhibiting more than one glow peak. In materials with one glow peak area varies linearly with dose; however, peak height is not lin… more
Date: November 1, 1984
Creator: Levy, P.W.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Distribution of radium and plutonium in human bone

Description: This paper presents aspects of current and recent work on the distribution of radium and plutonium near the surfaces of human bone and applications of the data. Included are sections on methods, surface deposit thickness, radium distribution near the endosteal surface, the use of alpha spectrometry in conjunction with autoradiography, radium distribution in the mastoid, and factors affecting plutonium specific activity. Emphasis is placed on the alpha spectrometry technique because of its usefu… more
Date: January 1, 1984
Creator: Schlenker, R.A.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Muon fluence measurements at 800 GeV

Description: Muon fluence (muons-cm/sup -2/) was measured downstream of enclosure PW8 at three locations along the extension of the PW beamline during the 1984 800-GeV accelerator run. The main goal of these measurements was to determine muon dose-equivalent at various Fermilab locations, and to obtain an estimate of the yearly off-site radiation exposure to the general population due to accelerator-produced muons. The contribution from the PW beamline was investigated because the targeted primary proton be… more
Date: November 1, 1984
Creator: Elwyn, A.J. & Freeman, W.S.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Neutron dosimetry at commercial nuclear plants. Annual report of Subtask D: TEPC feasibility

Description: This study was designed to observe the feasibility of the use by NRC licensees of the tissue equivalent proportional counter (TEPC) system as a neutron monitoring instrument. Laboratory tissue equivalent proportional counters were irradiated using /sup 252/Cf sources at NBS and PNL and were irradiated inside containment of four operating nuclear power plants (two boiling water reactors and two pressurized water reactors). On the average, neutron dose-equivalent rates determined using the TEPC w… more
Date: June 1, 1984
Creator: Cummings, F.M.; Endres, G.W.R.; McDonald, J.C. & Brackenbush, L.W.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Spectral stripping method for a GE spectrometer used for indoor gamma exposure rate measurements

Description: A gamma ray spectrum stripping method has been adapted to a Ge spectrometer for in situ measurements of exposure rates in air. This method involves subtracting out from a collected spectrum those counts that represent cosmic-ray events or partial absorption of gamma rays in the detector. The resultant total absorption spectrum is converted to flux incident at the detector, which is then used to compute exposure in air. The appropriate stripping and flux conversion parameters were determined by … more
Date: July 1, 1984
Creator: Miller, K.M.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Fluence, dosimetry, and steel-dpa rates in EBR-II

Description: Sensitivities of steel displacements-per-atom (dpa) rates to fluence-rate spectra in regions of th Experimental Breeder Reactor II (EBR-II) are presented. Low sensitivities in EBR-II of ratios of dpa-to-fission rates assuming /sup 240/Pu as a dosimeter suggests its possible use for adjusting calculated dpa-rates for effects of errors in calculated fluence-spectra. Extension of the method to outer regions, having more degraded spectra, by use of /sup 10/B-shielded /sup 240/Pu dosimeters is also … more
Date: January 1, 1984
Creator: Meneghetti, D. & Kucera, D.A.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Environmental Measurements Laboratory annual report 1983

Description: Short descriptions of the more than 100 projects engaged in during the year are presented. Research for the most part involved the study of acidified lakes, the use of lake and reservoir sediments for understanding regional pollution history and further research on evaluating U.S. population doses from fallout resulting from atmoshperic nuclear tests in Nevada in the 1950's.
Date: March 1, 1984
Creator: Volchok, H.L. & de Planque, G.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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LSL-M1 and LSL-M2: two extensions of the LSL adjustment procedure for including multiple spectrum locations

Description: Most current adjustment procedures, including LSL, can adjust only one spectrum with dosimetry located at the point of the input spectrum. Many radiation experiments have dosimetry at more than one location, and fluence or damage exposure values are desired for locations other than those covered by dosimetry. Thus, the use of single-spectrum dosimetry to these experiments causes considerable loss of information and introduces large uncertainties. Two extensions of the LSL code to cover multiple… more
Date: January 1, 1984
Creator: Stallmann, F. W.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Simple MCA supports a variety of applications

Description: A greatly enhanced version of the Violinist I, Simple Multichannel analyzer has been developed at Los Alamos. The new instrument includes a more powerful microprocessor, more memory, and a sophisticated set of I/O devices. The combination of these features allow the same basic electronics package to function in a variety of smart sophisticated monitoring instruments. Only the packaging, detector, and software need be changed to change the instrument from a field survey instrument for Pu contami… more
Date: January 1, 1984
Creator: Wolf, M. A. & Staley, H. C.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Radiation, chemicals, and occupational health research

Description: Radiation protection and its interplay with physical research programs are described. Differences and similarities between problems in health protection for chemicals and for radiation are discussed. The importance of dosimetry in radiation work and its relevance to chemicals are cited. A collaborative program between physical and biological scientists on the toxicity of metals is briefly described. It serves as an example of new research directed toward the development of fundamental concepts … more
Date: January 1, 1984
Creator: Turner, J.E.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Argonne-Utah studies of /sup 224/Ra endosteal surface dosimetry

Description: The activities of /sup 212/Pb relative to /sup 224/Ra and of /sup 222/Rn relative to /sup 226/Ra were measured in bone surface deposits 24 h after radium injection into beagles. The fractional retention of /sup 220/Rn atoms was measured in vitro with hydrated and dehydrated bone samples to determine the effect of water content on the escape of radon from bone surfaces. The experimental data suggest that substantial /sup 224/Ra daughter product disequilibrium exists in bone surface deposits. Est… more
Date: January 1, 1984
Creator: Schlenker, R. A. & Smith, J. M.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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