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Chemical/hydrogen energy storage systems. Annual report, January 1, 1979-December 31, 1979

Description: The progress made in 1979 in the Chemical/Hydrogen Energy Storage Systems Program is described. The program is managed by Brookhaven National Laboratory for the Division of Energy Storage Systems of the Department of Energy. The program consists of research and development activities in the areas of Hydrogen Production, Storage and Materials, End-Use Applications/Systems Studies, and in Chemical Heat Pumps. The report outlines the progress made by key industrial contractors such as General Elec… more
Date: May 1, 1980
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Final report on the application of chaos theory to an alumina sensor for aluminum reduction cells

Description: Four chaos-related digital signal analysis (DSA) methods were applied to the analysis of voltage and current signals collected from aluminum electrolysis cells. Two separate data bases were analyzed: bench-scale laboratory experiments and a pilot-scale test. The objective was to assess the feasibility of using these types of data and analysis methods as the basis for a non-intrusive sensor to measure the alumina content in the electrolysis bath. This was the first time chaos theory approaches h… more
Date: March 1, 1992
Creator: Williford, R. E. & Windisch, C. F. Jr.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Evaluation of selected chemical processes for production of low-cost silocon. (Phases I and II. ) Final report, October 9, 1975--July 9, 1978. Silicon Material Task, Low-Cost Solar Array Project

Description: The zinc reduction of silicon tetrachloride in a fluidized bed of seed particles to yield a granular product was studied along with several modifications of the thermal decomposition or hydrogen reduction of silicon tetraiodide. Although all contenders were believed to be capable of meeting the quality requirements of the LSA Project, it was concluded that only the zinc reduction of the chloride could be made economically feasible at a cost below $10/kg silicon (1975 dollars). Accordingly, subs… more
Date: July 9, 1978
Creator: Blocher, J.M. Jr. & Browning, M.F.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Evaluation of selected chemical processes for production of low-cost silicon (Phase III): silicon material task low-cost solar array project. Fourteenth quarterly progress report, January 1-March 31, 1979

Description: During this report period, a decision was made to defer the construction of the 50 MT Si/year Experimental Process System Development Unit (EPSDU) until FY 1980, and in the meantime to construct and evaluate, at full scale, four critical units of the EPSDU. The fluidized bed, zinc vaporizer, by-product condenser, and electrolytic cell have been combined with auxiliary units, capable of supporting 8-hour batchwise operation, to form the Process Development Unit (PDU), which is scheduled to be in… more
Date: May 30, 1979
Creator: Blocher, J.M. Jr. & Browning, M.F.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Final report on the characterization of the film on inert anodes

Description: Results of post-test microscopic and elemental analysis of the reaction zone on polarized cermet inert anodes, over a range of current densities and alumina concentrations, suggest that an alumina film does not form to protect the anode from dissolution. Rather, significant morphological and compositional changes occur at or near the anode surface. These changes and the chemical reactions that cause them involve the cermet material itself and appear to be responsible for properties that were pr… more
Date: January 1, 1991
Creator: Windisch, C. F. Jr. & Stice, N. D.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Development of Electrolysis-Cell Separator for 125/sup 0/C Operation. Advanced Alkaline Electrolysis Cell Development. Final Report

Description: This report contains the findings of a seven-month contracted effort. The major technical task involved a 125/sup 0/C operating temperature test of the 20 v/o polybenzimidazole (PBI) - 80 v/o potassium titanate (K/sub 2/TiO/sub 3/) separator in combination with the nickel-molybdenum cathode electrocatalyst system dubbed the C-AN cathode using the ARIES test system which was developed previously. The test of the PBI-K/sub 2/TiO/sub 3/ separator was only partially successful. The anticipated 1.85… more
Date: March 1, 1983
Creator: Murray, J. N.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Evaluation of selected chemical processes for production of low-cost silicon (Phase III). Fifteenth quarterly progress report, April 1-June 30, 1979

Description: Progress has been made during this quarter on the assembly of the Process Development Unit (PDU) consisting of four of the critical components of the 50 MT/year Experimental Process System Development Unit (EPSDU) for the production of granular semiconductor-grade silicon by the zinc vapor reduction of silicon tetrachloride in a fluidized bed of seed particles. The target operation date of October 1, 1979, still appears attainable. An experimental wetted-wall condenser, about 1/10 the size of t… more
Date: August 15, 1979
Creator: Blocher, J.M. Jr. & Browning, M.F.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Energy savings by means of fuel cell electrodes in electro-chemical industries. Progress report, February 1, 1979-April 30, 1979

Description: Data are presented for investigations involving air cathodes in caustic half cells and hydrogen depolarized anodes for metal electrowinning (acid electrolytes). Studies with air depolarized Pt cathodes in caustic hardware include: progress of the RA19 type air diffusion electrode. Reference data has been obtained with this 10,500 hour old electrode; cathode performance (Reference) vs time for a standard 0.33 mg/cm/sup 2/ cathode; electrode-current collector evaluation; electrode-current collect… more
Date: July 10, 1979
Creator: Allen, R.J.; Juda, W. & Lindstrom, R.W.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Evaluation of selected chemical processes for production of low-cost silicon (Phase III). Silicon Material Task, Low-Cost Solar Array Project. Thirteenth quarterly progress report, October 1-December 31, 1978

Description: Refinements of the design of the 50 MT/year Experimental Process System Development Unit (EPSDU) have been made and competitive bids have been received from mechanical, electrical, and structural contractors. Emergency procedures have been defined to counter a variety of contingencies disclosed in operations and safety reviews. Work continues with the fluidized-bed model to define conditions under which useful segregation of large particles can be obtained. Experimental work with an electrolyti… more
Date: February 15, 1979
Creator: Blocher, J.M. Jr. & Browning, M.F.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Investigation of materials for inert electrodes in aluminum electrodeposition cells

Description: Work was divided into major efforts. The first was the growth and characterization of specimens; the second was Hall cell performance testing. Cathode and anode materials were the subject of investigation. Preparation of specimens included growth of single crystals and synthesis of ultra high purity powders. Special attention was paid to ferrites as they were considered to be the most promising anode materials. Ferrite anode corrosion rates were studied and the electrical conductivities of a se… more
Date: September 14, 1987
Creator: Haggerty, J. S. & Sadoway, D. R.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Electrorefining cell evaluation

Description: Operational characteristics of the LANL electrorefining cell, a modified LANL electrorefining cell, and an advanced electrorefining cell (known as the CRAC cell) were determined. Average process yields achieved were: 75% for the LANL cell, 82% for the modified LANL cell, and 86% for the CRAC cell. All product metal from the LANL and modified LANL cells was within foundry specifications. Metal from one run in the CRAC cell exceeded foundry specifications for tantalum. The LANL and modified LANL … more
Date: April 14, 1989
Creator: Bronson, M. C. & Thomas, R. L.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Survey of potential processes for the manufacture of aluminium

Description: The following alternative processes to the Hall-Heroult cell for the production of primary aluminum - direct carbothermic reduction of alumina are considered; reduction of bauxite to an aluminum-silicon alloy; the subchloride process; the disproportionation of aluminum sulphide; the production through a nitride intermediate; and electrolysis of aluminum chloride, aluminum sulphide and aluminum nitride; and plating from non aqueous solvents. Comparisons of energy consumption are made with curren… more
Date: December 1, 1979
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Sensitized photoelectrolysis of water with sunlight. Final report, June 1, 1977-December 31, 1978

Description: A study was made of solar driven water photoelectrolysis cells employing semiconductor electrodes. An extensive review of the literature was undertaken, and the three major problem areas for these devices were identified: corrosion, poor sunlight absorption, and external bias requirement. Although many semiconductors had been tested, none had proven free of all three defects. Two approaches were thus followed for the experimental studies: impurity sensitization of wide band gap stable oxides, a… more
Date: December 1, 1978
Creator: Ghosh, A.K. & Maruska, H.P.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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In-place calibration of moisture monitors

Description: An inexpensive, relatively quick calibration technique, used to calibrate moisture measuring instruments in Rocky Flats process lines is described. The moisture monitors utilize electrolytic cells to continuously monitor the moisture content of argon supply gases. The new method decreases the required down time of the measuring instrument from days to hours.
Date: September 30, 1982
Creator: Thompson, R L & Griffin, D M
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Hydrogen production from small hyropower sites. Final report

Description: A synergistic relationship was not found to exist between low-head hydropower and electrolytic hydrogen production. The storageability of hydrogen was expected to mitigate problems of hydrogen generation variability associated with the use of low-head hydropower as the power source. The expense of gaseous hydrogen storage equipment effectively eliminates storage as a means to decouple hydrogen demand and power/hydrogen production. From the opposite perspective, the availability of a low and sta… more
Date: April 1, 1980
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Stable attachment of TiB/sub 2/-based cathodes for the aluminium industry: Review and recommendation

Description: This report summarizes the results of a literature review of methods for applying TiB/sub 2/-based cathode materials to the Hall-Heroult process used for the commercial production of aluminum. The report discusses applicable patents, alternative bonding and coating techniques, and developmental research performed by several aluminum companies. Recommendations are given for future directions in retrofitting Hall-Heroult cells with stable TiB/sub 2/-based cathode materials.
Date: May 1, 1987
Creator: Schilling, C.H.; Hagen, D.I. & Hart, P.E.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Oxygen Electrodes for Energy Conversion and Storage. Annual Report II, 1 October 1978-30 September 1979

Description: Progress is reported on the development of high performance oxygen electrodes for a spectrum of applications including industrial electrolysis, metal-air batteries and fuel cells. The research emphasizes the development of more effective electrocatalysts for both O/sub 2/ reduction and electrogeneration and the development of more effective electrode structures (particularly for O/sub 2/ cathodes) for utilizing these catalysts. It also includes the development of a predictive base to guide the … more
Date: January 1, 1979
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Final report on the application of chaos theory to an alumina sensor for aluminum reduction cells. Inert Electrodes Program

Description: Four chaos-related digital signal analysis (DSA) methods were applied to the analysis of voltage and current signals collected from aluminum electrolysis cells. Two separate data bases were analyzed: bench-scale laboratory experiments and a pilot-scale test. The objective was to assess the feasibility of using these types of data and analysis methods as the basis for a non-intrusive sensor to measure the alumina content in the electrolysis bath. This was the first time chaos theory approaches h… more
Date: March 1, 1992
Creator: Williford, R. E. & Windisch, C. F. Jr.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Fiscal year 1989 annual report for the Sensors Development Program: Inert Electrodes Program

Description: The Sensors Development Program is conducted at the Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) for the US Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Industrial Programs (OIP). The work is being performed in conjunction with the Inert Electrodes Program at PNL. The objectives of the Sensors Development Program are to (1) investigate and develop methods of process monitoring/control for operating electrolytic cells and (2) determine safe operating conditions for the inert anodes. The majority of work in FY 19… more
Date: April 1, 1990
Creator: Windisch, C. F. Jr.; Koski, O. H.; Stice, N. D.; Morgan, L. G. (Pacific Northwest Lab., Richland, WA (USA)) & Nikias, C. L. (Northeastern Univ., Boston, MA (USA))
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Long-Term Degradation Testing of High-Temperature Electrolytic Cells

Description: The Idaho National Laboratory (INL) has been researching the application of solid-oxide electrolysis cell for large-scale hydrogen production from steam over a temperature range of 800 to 900ºC. The INL has been testing various solid oxide cell designs to characterize their electrolytic performance operating in the electrolysis mode for hydrogen production. Some results presented in this report were obtained from cells, with an active area of 16 cm2 per cell. The electrolysis cells are electrod… more
Date: August 1, 2009
Creator: Stoots, C.M.; O'Brien, J.E.; Herring, J.S.; Housley, G.K.; Milobar, D.G. & Sohal, M.S.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Insights Gained from Testing Alternate Cell Designs

Description: The Idaho National Laboratory (INL) has been researching the application of solid-oxide electrolysis cell for large-scale hydrogen production from steam over a temperature range of 800 to 900ºC. The INL has been testing various solid oxide cell designs to characterize their electrolytic performance operating in the electrolysis mode for hydrogen production. Some results presented in this report were obtained from cells, initially developed by the Forschungszentrum Jülich and now manufactured by… more
Date: September 1, 2009
Creator: O'Brien, J. E.; Stoots, C. M.; Herring, J. S.; Housley, G. K.; Sohal, M. S.; Milobar, D. G. et al.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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O2 Electroreduction on Ni-Cr-Mo Alloys

Description: Oxygen (O{sub 2}) reduction is the most likely process for sustaining metal oxidation in air through electrochemical ''local cells'' on the metal surface. O{sub 2} reduction occurring at one surface site is the sink for electrons generated during metal oxidation at another. Metal corrosion is reduced when O{sub 2} reduction is slowed or arrested; a process that leads to ''cathodic stifling'', O{sub 2} reduction sites become alkaline through the generation of hydroxide. The O{sub 2} reduction of… more
Date: June 9, 2006
Creator: Rogers, S. P.; Gervasio, D. F. & Payer, J. H.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Research and Development in the Field of Thorium Chemistry and Metallurgy. Monthly Progress Report for May 16 Thru June 15, 1955

Description: An internally heated chlorinator using a bed of graphite as a resistor element in contact with molten salt was shown to be feasible. An extended run was completed in an electrolytic cell demonstrating the feasibility of continuous operation. Other studies are reported on chlorination of thorium oxycarbonate and physical metallurgy evaluations of the Th produced. (T.R.R.)
Date: July 1, 1955
Creator: Wyatt, J.L.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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