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Synthesis, pathways, effects, and fate of chlorination by-products in freshwater, estuarine and marine environments. Annual report, September 10, 1976--September 30, 1977

Description: The study is composed of analytical chemistry and biological divisions with freshwater and marine biological subdivisions. The objective of the analytical phase is to identify those chemical compounds, other than the free and combined available halogen, which result from the addition of chlorine to fresh or saltwater. The objectives of the biological studies are to investigate the immediate and relatively long-term toxicity of several chlorination by-products to selected aquatic biota; to follo… more
Date: June 1, 1978
Creator: Anderson, D. R.; Bean, R. M.; Gibson, C. I. & Thatcher, T. O.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Collisions of halogen (/sup 2/P) and rare gas (/sup 1/S) atoms. [Differential cross sections, elastic model, coupling potential energy, L-S coupling, multiplets]

Description: Differential cross sections I (THETA) at several collision energies measured in crossed molecular beam experiments are reported for several combinations of halogen atoms (/sup 2/P) scattered off rare gas-rare gas atoms (/sup 1/S/sub 0/), namely, F + Ne, F + Ar, F + Kr, F + Xe, C1 + Xe. The scattering is described by an elastic model appropriate to Hund's case c coupling. With the use of this model, the X 1/2, I 3/2, and II 1/2 interaction potential energy curves are derived by fitting calculate… more
Date: December 1, 1978
Creator: Becker, C. H.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Chemistry of brines in salt from the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP), southeastern New Mexico: a preliminary investigation

Description: We present here analyses of macro- and microscopic (intracrystalline) brines observed within the WIPP facility and in the surrounding halite, with interpretations regarding the origin and history of these fluids and their potential effect(s) on long-term waste storage. During excavation, several large fluid inclusions were recovered from an area of highly recrystallized halite in a thick salt bed at the repository horizon (2150 ft below ground level). In addition, 52 samples of brine ''weeps'' … more
Date: March 1, 1986
Creator: Stein, C.L. & Krumhansl, J.L.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Experimental investigation of the chemistry of excited states of rare gases. Third quarterly progress report, April 15, 1979-July 15, 1979

Description: Photosensitized studies of Xe(/sup 3/P/sub 1/) and Kr(/sup 3/P/sub 1/) reactions with fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine donors have been very productive. Work on the laser excitation methods for generating selected states of the rare gas atoms lying above the np/sup 5/,n + 1s set of levels continued.
Date: July 1979
Creator: Setser, D. W.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Coulomb effects on pions produced in heavy-ion reactions

Description: Double differential cross sections for the production of ..pi../sup +/ and ..pi../sup -/ near the velocity of the incident beam for pion lab angles less than 40 degrees are presented. The experimental apparatus and the techniques are discussed. Beams of /sup 20/Ne with E/A from 80 to 655 MeV and /sup 40/Ar with E/A = 535 MeV incident on Be, C, NaF, KC1, Cu, and U targets were used. A sharp peak in the ..pi../sup -/ spectrum and a depression in the ..pi../sup +/ spectrum were observed at zero de… more
Date: November 1, 1981
Creator: Sullivan, J.P.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Little Rock and El Dorado 1/sup 0/ x 2/sup 0/ NTMS quadrangles and adjacent areas, Arkansas: data report (abbreviated)

Description: This abbreviated data report presents results of ground water and stream sediment reconnaissance in the National Topographic Map Series Little Rock 1/sup 0/ x 2/sup 0/ quadrangle (Cleveland, Dallas, and Howard Counties do not have stream sediment analyses); the El Dorado 1/sup 0/ x 2/sup 0/ quadrangle (only Clark County has stream sediment analyses); the western part (Lonoke and Jefferson Counties) of Helena 1/sup 0/ x 2/sup 0/ quadrangle; the southern part (Franklin, Logan, Yell, Perry, Faulkn… more
Date: July 1, 1981
Creator: Steel, K. F. & Cook, J. R.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Non-destructive determination of trace-element concentrations. Annual progress report, August 1979

Description: Development and testing of the neutron-capture prompt ..gamma..-ray activation analysis method continued. A wide range of NBS Standard Reference Materials, USGS Standard Rocks, and other materials have been analyzed in order to identify elements whose lines can be observed, to determine interferences and detection limits for each important ..gamma.. ray of observable elements and to measure concentrations of observable elements for comparison with certified or other previous results. In most cr… more
Date: August 1, 1979
Creator: Gordon, G.E.; Zoller, W.H. & Walters, W.B.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Survey of potential chlorine production processes. Final report

Description: This report is part of the ongoing study of industrial electrochemical processes for the purpose of identifying methods of improving energy efficiencies. A computerized literature search of past and current chlorine generation methods was performed to identify basic chlorine production processes. Over 200 pertinent references are cited involving 20 separate and distinct chlorine processes. Each basic process is evaluated for its engineering and economic viability and energy efficiency. A flow d… more
Date: April 1, 1979
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Literature information applicable to the reaction of uranium oxides with chlorine to prepare uranium tetrachloride

Description: The reaction of uranium oxides and chlorine to prepare anhydrous uranium tetrachloride (UCl{sub 4}) are important to more economical preparation of uranium metal. The most practical reactions require carbon or carbon monoxide (CO) to give CO or carbon dioxide (CO{sub 2}) as waste gases. The chemistry of U-O-Cl compounds is very complex with valances of 3, 4, 5, and 6 and with stable oxychlorides. Literature was reviewed to collect thermochemical data, phase equilibrium information, and results … more
Date: February 1, 1992
Creator: Haas, P.A.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Experimental investigation of the chemistry of excited states of rare gases. First quarterly progress report, 15 October 1978--15 January 1979. [Kr* + Cl/sub 2/]

Description: Analysis of XeF(B) and XeF(C) state quenching from photodissociation of XeF/sub 2/ was continued and progress was made on reactive quenching of the resonance states, Xe(/sup 3/P/sub 1/) and Kr(/sup 3/P/sub 1/). The study of the reactions of the resonance states of the rare gases was concentrated on the Kr* + Cl/sub 2/ reaction.
Date: March 1979
Creator: Setser, D. W.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Photometric on-line monitor for total oxidants in the ports purge cascade

Description: A proposed scheme for the continuous, on-line monitoring of the total concentration of oxidizing (fluorinating) gases in the top purge section of a gaseous diffusion cascade was evaluated using simulated process conditions in a laboratory. The scheme involves the reaction of the oxidizing gases in a sample stream with sodium chloride to produce chlorine, which is then measured with an ultraviolet photometer to yield a value for total oxidant concentration. This report describes the experimental… more
Date: December 1, 1990
Creator: Maddox, W. L.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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OSCAR experiment high-density network data report: Event 4 - April 21-23, 1981

Description: The OSCAR (Oxidation and Scavenging Characteristics of April Rains) experiment, conducted during April 1981, was a cooperative field investigation of wet removal in cyclonic storm systems. The high-density component of OSCAR was located in northeast Indiana and included sequential precipitation chemistry measurements on a 100 by 100 km netwok, as well as airborne air chemistry and cloud chemistry mueasurements, surface air chemistry measurements, and supporting meteorological measurements. Four… more
Date: December 1, 1984
Creator: Dana, M.T.; Easter, R.C. & Thorp, J.M.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Comparative evaluation of effects of ozonated and chlorinated thermal discharges on estuarine and fresh water organisms. First quarterly progress report, April 1979

Description: The biological evaluation program incorporates three types of experimental tests: acute (96 hour) toxicity studies; behavioral (avoidance) response studies; and physiological (cough) response studies. In addition, specimens used in testing are examined for physical damage resulting from exposure to chlorine or ozoen. The objective of the acute (96 hour) toxicity study is to determine the respective lethal levels (LC/sub 50/) of chlorinated and ozonated waters. The objective of the behavioral (a… more
Date: January 1, 1979
Creator: Guerra, C. R.; DelMonaco, J. L.; Singletary, J. H.; Sugam, R. J.; Meldrim, J. W.; Holmstrom, E. R. et al.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Chlorine demand of Savannah River water

Description: Savannah River water used for cooling SRS reactors was tested for chlorine demand and the rate of decay for both free and total residual chlorine on seven quarterly dates between 1986 and 1988. Test conditions included chlorine dosages of 1, 3, and 5 mg/l and a variety of contact times ranging from less than 1 minute to one day. Statistically significant differences were detected in the chlorine demand for the seven dates; however, there was no discernible seasonality to the variation. The chlo… more
Date: January 1, 1989
Creator: Wilde, E.W.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Thermal treatment for chlorine removal from coal

Description: It is the goal of this research to provide the technical basis for development of a process to remove chlorine from coal prior to combustion, based on a thermal treatment process. Through a bench scale study, mechanisms will be investigated, reaction rate constants and activation energies determined, and energy and mass balances performed. The recovery of the chlorine removed from the coal as a markable by-product, calcium chloride suitable for use as a road deicer, will be investigated using a… more
Date: January 1, 1991
Creator: Muchmore, C.B.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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High temperature corrosion during use of chlorine containing coal

Description: The goal of this project is to characterize the role of chlorine in coal on the high temperature corrosion processes which can occur in coal combustion and conversion processes. The experiments include laboratory tests performed in well-controlled high temperature environments and field tests in industrial coal fired boilers. Evaluation of samples of boiler tubes which have been recovered from boilers which used both high and low chlorine coals does not indicate that the higher chlorine levels … more
Date: January 1, 1991
Creator: McNallan, M.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Process and analytical studies of enhanced low severity co-processing using selective coal pretreatment

Description: The objectives of the project are to investigate various coal pretreatment techniques and to determine the effect of these pretreatment procedures on the reactivity of the coal. Reactivity enhancement will be evaluated under both direct hydroliquefaction and co-processing conditions. Coal conversion utilizing low rank coals and low severity conditions (reaction temperatures generally less than 350{degrees}C) are the primary focus of the liquefaction experiments, as it is expected that the effec… more
Date: 1990-06~
Creator: Baldwin, R. M. & Miller, R. L.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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[Theoretical studies of combustion dynamics]

Description: Research is reported in 3 areas: reduced dimensionality theory of atom-diatom reactions (D+H[sub 2], H+D[sub 2], Cl+HCl), reduced dimensionality theory of diatom-diatom reactions (H[sub 2]+A[sub 2][r arrow]H+HA[sub 2], H[sub 2]+CN[r arrow]H+HCN), and L[sup 2] calculations of resonances (photodetachment spectra of ClHCl[sub [minus]] and IHI[sup [minus]], H+CO system).
Date: January 1, 1990
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Evaluation of fish kills during November 1986 and July 1987 in upper East Fork Poplar Creek near the Y-12 Plant

Description: The Environmental Sciences Division (ESD) investigated two fish kills that occurred on November 21, 1986, and July 9, 1987, in upper East Fork Poplar Creek at the outfall of New Hope Pond (NHP) below the Oak Ridge Y-12 Plant. Investigative procedures included sampling of water at the inlet and outfall of NHP for water quality, examination of operating procedures at the Y-12 Plant and in the biomonitoring program that may have adversely affected the fish populations, review of results of concurr… more
Date: September 1, 1990
Creator: Ryon, M.G.; Loar, J.M.; Southworth, G.R.; Stewart, A.J.; Adams, S.M. & Kszos, L.A.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Hydrogen--halogen energy storage system. Annual report, January--December 1977

Description: Work at Brookhaven National Laboratory on the electrochemically regenerative hydrogen--chlorine energy storage system has included electrochemical investigations, materials studies, and technoeconomic assessment. Electrochemical studies have confirmed the reversibility of the cell reactions and the possibility of using the same cell in the electrolysis and fuel cell mode. The hydrogen--chlorine cell differs from most batteries in that the open circuit potential varies appreciably with temperatu… more
Date: September 1, 1978
Creator: McBreen, J.; Srinivasan, S.; Salzano, F.J. & Beaufrere, A.H.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Hydrolysis, formation and ionization constants at 25/sup 0/C, and at high temperature-high ionic strength

Description: Thermochemical data for nuclear waste disposal are compiled. The resulting computerized database consists of critically evaluated data on Gibbs energy of formation, enthalpy of formation, entropy and heat capacity of selected substances for about 16 elements at 25/sup 0/C and zero ionic strength. Elements covered are Am, As, Br, C, Cl, F, I, Mo, Np, N, O, P, Pu, Si, Sr, S, and U. Values of these thermodynamic properties were used to calculate equilibrium quotients for hydrolysis, complexation a… more
Date: February 1, 1985
Creator: Phillips, S.L.; Phillips, C.A. & Skeen, J.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Surface structures and surface-atom vibrations determined using photoelectron diffraction

Description: Surface structures of {radical}3 {times} {radical}3 R30{degrees} Cl/Ni(111) and c(2 {times} 2)Cl/Cu(001) were determined using low- temperature angle-resolved photoemission extended fine structure (ARPEFS), which yields both more accurate surface and near-surface structural information for deeper substrate layers. A study of surface-atom vibrations for {radical}3 {times} {radical}3 R30{degrees} Cl/Ni(111) and c(2 {times} 2)Cl/Cu(001) was made using temperature-dependent ARPEFS. A model for pred… more
Date: July 1, 1991
Creator: Wang, L.Q. (California Univ., Berkeley, CA (United States). Dept. of Chemistry Lawrence Berkeley Lab., CA (United States))
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Hydrogen/halogen energy storage system: safety, performance, and cost assessment. Final report

Description: The aim of this work was to make realistic assessments of the safety, performance, and installation costs of an electrochemically regenerative H/sub 2//Cl/sub 2/ energy storage system based on detailed engineering designs of plant configurations. Extensive laboratory tests in FY 1976, 1977, and 1978 provided the needed theoretical and experimental data for this study. The effectiveness of this scheme of energy storage required practical confirmation. In this assessment particular care was taken… more
Date: February 1, 1979
Creator: Spaziante, P.M.; Sioli, G.C. & Trotta, R.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Organohalogen products from chlorination of cooling water at nuclear power stations

Description: Eight nuclear power units at seven locations in the US were studied to determine the effects of chlorine, added as a biocide, on the composition of cooling water discharge. Water, sediment and biota samples from the sites were analyzed for total organic halogen and for a variety of organohalogen compounds. Haloforms were discharged from all plants studied, at concentrations of a few ..mu..g/L (parts-per-billion). Evidence was obtained that power plants with cooling towers discharge a significan… more
Date: October 1, 1983
Creator: Bean, R.M.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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