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The New Element Californium (Atomic Number 98)

Description: Definite identification has been made of an isotope of the element with atomic number 98 through the irradiation of Cm{sup 242} with about 35-Mev helium ions in the Berkeley Crocker Laboratory 60-inch cyclotron. The isotope which has been identified has an observed half-life of about 45 minutes and is thought to have the mass number 244. The observed mode of decay of 98{sup 244} is through the emission of alpha-particles, with energy of about 7.1 Mev, which agrees with predictions. Other consid… more
Date: June 19, 1950
Creator: Thompson, S. G.; Street Jr., K.; Ghiorso, A. & Seaborg, G. T.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Californium Isotopes From Bombardment of Uranium With Carbonions

Description: The recent production and identification of isotopes of elements with atomic numbers up to six higher than the target element through bombardment with hexapositive 120-Mev carbon ions made it seem worthwhile to apply this technique to the transuranium region. Accordingly, small pieces of natural uranium metal (about 0.5 mil thick and 205 cm by 0.6 cm area) were irradiated in the internal carbon ion beam in the Berkeley 60-inch cyclotron. Following the irradiations, the uranium was dissolved in … more
Date: September 6, 1950
Creator: Ghiorso, A.; Thompson, S. G.; Street, Jr., K. & Seaborg, G. T.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Safety Analysis Report for Packaging (SARP) of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory TRU Californium Shipping Container

Description: An analytical evaluation of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory TRU Californium Shipping Container was made in order to demonstrate its compliance with the regulations governing off-site shipment of packages that contain radioactive material. The evaluation encompassed five primary categories: structural integrity, thermal resistance, radiation shielding, nuclear criticality safety, and quality assurance. The results of this evaluation demonstrate that the container complies with the applicable r… more
Date: January 1, 1980
Creator: Box, W. D.; Shappert, L. B.; Seagren, R. D.; Klima, B. B.; Jurgensen, M. C.; Hammond, C. R. et al.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Review of actinide-sediment reactions with an annotated bibliography

Description: The annotated bibliography is divided into sections on chemistry and geochemistry, migration and accumulation, cultural distributions, natural distributions, and bibliographies and annual reviews. (LK)
Date: February 10, 1976
Creator: Ames, L. L.; Rai, D. & Serne, R. J.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Biology of the transuranium elements: an indexed bibliography

Description: This bibliography on the biology of the transuranium elements is a revision of one issued in 1973 (BNWL-1782). It includes essentially all of the citations from the earlier document, a few corrections and additions from the older literature, plus the new literature to mid-1975. It also includes a subject-matter index not present in the original document.
Date: July 1, 1976
Creator: Thompson, R. C. (comp.)
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Safety analysis report for packaging: neutron shipping cask, model 0. 5T

Description: The Safety Analysis Report for Packaging demonstrates that the neutron shipping cask can safely transport, in solid or powder form, all isotopes of uranium, plutonium, americium, curium, berkelium, californium, einsteinium, and fermium. The shipping cask and its contents are described. It also evaluates transport conditions, structural parameters (e.g., load resistance, pressure and impact effects, lifting and tiedown devices), and shielding. Finally, it discusses compliance with Chapter 0529 o… more
Date: June 11, 1976
Creator: Peterson, R. T.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Active Neutron Interrogation of Non-Radiological Materials with NMIS

Description: The Nuclear Materials Identification System (NMIS) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), although primarily designed for analyzing special nuclear material, is capable of identifying nonradiological materials with a wide range of measurement techniques. This report demonstrates four different measurement methods, complementary to fast-neutron imaging, which can be used for material identification: DT transmission, DT scattering, californium transmission, and active time-tagged gamma spectros… more
Date: February 1, 2012
Creator: Walker, Mark E & Mihalczo, John T
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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An Account of Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Thirteen Research Reactors

Description: The Oak Ridge National Laboratory has built and operated 13 nuclear reactors in its 66-year history. The first was the graphite reactor, the world's first operational nuclear reactor, which served as a plutonium production pilot plant during World War II. It was followed by two aqueous-homogeneous reactors and two red-hot molten-salt reactors that were parts of power-reactor development programs and by eight others designed for research and radioisotope production. One of the eight was an all-m… more
Date: August 1, 2009
Creator: Rosenthal, Murray Wilford
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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REMOVAL OF THE CALIFORNIUM SOURCES FROM THE 222-S LABORATORY

Description: This document develops a proposal for removal of 2-Californium sources from the 222-S Laboratory. Included in this document are assessments of shipping packages and decay calculations.
Date: July 23, 2009
Creator: Linstrum, D. & Baune, H. L.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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BUILDUP OF Cf$sup 252$ AND INTERMEDIATE ISOTOPES FROM Cm$sup 244$ IN A HIGH FLUX

Description: The amount of Cf/sup 252/ and intermediate isotopes which could be made from Cm/sup 244/ in a reactor with high neutron flux was calculated. The variations of different isotopes formed in the bombardment as a function of time are described by a series of linear differential equations. The cross sections used were either weighed measured values or values estimated from the amounts of curium and californium isotopes formed in irradiations of heavy elements. The number of atoms of heavy curium iso… more
Date: February 1, 1961
Creator: Vandenbosch, S.E. & Fields, P.R.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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The ORNL Chemical Technology Division, 1950-1994

Description: This document attempts to reconstruct the role played by the Chemical Technology Division (Chem Tech) of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) in the atomic era since the 1940`s related to the development and production of nuclear weapons and power reactors. Chem Tech`s early contributions were landmark pioneering studies. Unknown and dimly perceived problems like chemical hazards, radioactivity, and criticality had to be dealt with. New chemical concepts and processes had to be developed to… more
Date: October 1, 1994
Creator: Jolley, R. L.; Genung, R. K.; McNeese, L. E. & Mrochek, J. E.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Report on the workshop "Decay spectroscopy at CARIBU: advanced fuel cycle applications, nuclear structure and astrophysics". 14-16 April 2011, Argonne National Laboratory, USA.

Description: A workshop on 'Decay Spectroscopy at CARIBU: Advanced Fuel Cycle Applications, Nuclear Structure and Astrophysics' will be held at Argonne National Laboratory on April 14-16, 2011. The aim of the workshop is to discuss opportunities for decay studies at the Californium Rare Isotope Breeder Upgrade (CARIBU) of the ATLAS facility with emphasis on advanced fuel cycle (AFC) applications, nuclear structure and astrophysics research. The workshop will consist of review and contributed talks. Presenta… more
Date: October 6, 2011
Creator: Kondev, F.; Carpenter, M. P.; Chowdhury, P.; Clark, J. A.; Lister, C. J.; Nichols, A. L. et al.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Monte Carlo Modeling and Analyses of Yalina Booster Subcritical Assembly, Part III : Low Enriched Uranium Conversion Analyses.

Description: This study investigates the performance of the YALINA Booster subcritical assembly, located in Belarus, during operation with high (90%), medium (36%), and low (21%) enriched uranium fuels in the assembly's fast zone. The YALINA Booster is a zero-power, subcritical assembly driven by a conventional neutron generator. It was constructed for the purpose of investigating the static and dynamic neutronics properties of accelerator driven subcritical systems, and to serve as a fast neutron source fo… more
Date: May 12, 2011
Creator: Talamo, A. & Gohar, Y. (Nuclear Engineering Division)
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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CALCULATIONS OF YIELDS OF PRODUCTS IN HIGH-FLUX NEUTRON IRRADIATIONS OF HEAVY ELEMENT SAMPLES

Description: Calculations have been made of the build-up of higher nuclides in samples of various heavy-element starting materials, at neutron fluxes ranging from 4 x 10/sup 13/ to 1 x 10/sup 16/ n/ cm/sup 2//sec, including the flux expected from the HFIR reactor at Oak Ridge (namely, 5 x 10/sup 15/ n/cm/sup 2// sec). Attempts have been made to estimate yields of the heavier fermium isotopes and of Md/sup 259/ by means of the nuclear properties predicted from systematics. The results indicate that it may be… more
Date: August 1, 1963
Creator: Milsted, J.; Fields, P.R. & Metta, D.N.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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The Transcalifornium Elements

Description: During the past sixty years, four elements beyond californium on the atomic number scale have been synthesized by the transmutation of lighter elements. The first preparation of einsteinium and fermium occurred in a thermonuclear explosion. Mendelevium and element 102, however, were prepared by a more conventional method, that of charged particle bombardment of elements of high atomic number.
Date: December 8, 1958
Creator: Seaborg, Glenn T.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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