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Transient thermal analysis of three fast-charging latent heat storage configurations for a space-based power system

Description: A space-based thermal storage application must accept large quantities of heat in a short period of time at an elevated temperature. A model of a lithium hydride phase change energy storage system was used to estimate reasonable physical dimensions for this application which included the use of a liquid metal heat transfer fluid. A finite difference computer code was developed and used to evaluate three methods of enhancing heat transfer in the PCM energy storage system. None of these three met… more
Date: January 1, 1988
Creator: Stovall, T. K. & Arimilli, R. V.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Simple empirical method for estimating the performance of a passive solar heated building of the thermal storage wall type

Description: Two methods are presented for estimating the annual solar heating performance of a building utilizing a passive thermal storage wall of the Trombe wall or water wall type with or without night insulation and with or without a reflector. The method is accurate to +-3% as compared with hour-by-hour computer simulations.
Date: January 1, 1978
Creator: Balcomb, J.D. & McFarland, R.D.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Analysis of solar domestic hot water systems from a system perspective

Description: Six solar domestic hot water systems tested at the National Bureau of Standards have been analyzed. Results indicate that the thermosyphon system delivered the most solar energy to the load per dollar of initial investment (the air system delivered the least) and that direct systems performed better than indirect systems. Storage losses from the double tank systems were greater than expected, and this significantly reduced the relative performance of these systems. Further, the use of pumps, fa… more
Date: March 1, 1980
Creator: Murphy, L.M.; Farrington, R. & Noreen, D.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Thermal energy storage for cogeneration applications

Description: Cogeneration is playing an increasingly important role in providing energy efficient power generation and thermal energy for space heating and industrial process heat applications. However, the range of applications for cogeneration could be further increased if the generation of electricity could be coupled from the generation of process heat. Thermal energy storage (TES) can decouple power generation from the production of process heat, allowing the production of dispatchable power while full… more
Date: April 1, 1992
Creator: Drost, M.K. & Antoniak, Z.I.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Transient, radial temperature distribution in a porous medium during fluid injection

Description: Analytical and numerical solutions are presented for the transient, radial temperature distribution in a porous medium which is subjected to a constant-rate injection of an incompressible fluid from a wellbore. The formulation includes energy transfer by conduction and convection, and the Danckwerts boundary condition is applied at the finite-radius wellbore. At late times, the numerical solutions approach a self-similar form which can be described in terms of the incomplete Gamma function. In … more
Date: January 1, 1982
Creator: Dunn, J. C. & Nilson, R. H.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Systems analysis of thermal storage

Description: During FY80 analyses were conducted on thermal storage concepts for solar thermal applications. These studies include both estimates of the obtainable costs of thermal storage concepts and their worth to a user (i.e., value). Based on obtainable costs and performance, promising thermal storage concepts are being identified. A preliminary screening was completed in FY80 and a more in-depth study was initiated. Value studies are being conducted to establish cost goals. A ranking of storage concep… more
Date: August 1, 1980
Creator: Copeland, R. J.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Sensitivity analysis of a community solar system using annual cycle thermal energy storage

Description: The objective of this research is to assess the sensitivity of design parameters for a community solar heating system having annual thermal energy storage to factors including climate, building type, community size, and collector type and inclination. The system under consideration uses a large, water-filled, concrete-constructed tank for providing space heating, and domestic hot water (DHW). Collector field area and storage volume have been sized for 440 community designs in 10 geographic loca… more
Date: November 1, 1979
Creator: Baylin, F.; Monte, R. & Sillman, S.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Effect of latent heat on frost penetration in moist soil

Description: Substantial differences have been found between measured and computed heat losses from a large in-ground thermal storage tank used for annual cycle heat storage. One suspected source of error in the computation was the neglect of the latent heat effects in the moist soil and efforts have been made to examine these. One of these effects, that was due to freezing and thawing of the soil moisture is discussed, and the results of some simulations of the effect in a numerical model are presented.
Date: May 1, 1979
Creator: Hopper, F. C. & McClenahan, J. D.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Comparative analysis of six generic solar domestic hot water systems

Description: Results were analyzed from experiments on six solar domestic hot water systems tested at National Bureau of Standards. Use of pumps, fans, controls, and solenoid valves in the pumped systems resulted in high parasitic energy consumption. Storage losses from double tank systems were greater than expected due to poor storage tank insulation. Direct systems performed better than indirect systems as expected. The thermosyphon delivered the most solar energy to the hot water load for the lowest init… more
Date: January 1, 1980
Creator: Farrington, R.; Noreen, D. & Murphy, L.M.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Model of direct contact heat transfer for latent heat energy storage

Description: Direct contact heat transfer is an attractive method to reduce the cost of heat exchange for latent heat thermal energy storage systems. However, current performance information is insufficient to allow an accurate appraisal of its economic and technical feasibility. In a direct contact heat transfer system, an immiscible fluid is bubbled through the storage media and heat is transferred between the phases as the droplets rise. An analytical model is presented for predicting the temperature of … more
Date: May 1, 1980
Creator: Cease, M. E.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Self-pumping vapor system for hybrid space heating

Description: This paper reports investigations of a passive system that transports heat from a solar collector downward. Refrigerant is evaporated in a collector and the vapor transports heat to one or more condensers located at an arbitrary elevation below the collector. The vapor pressure lifts the condensed liquid to an accumulator located near the top of the collector. The results of annual performance calculations are presented for a space heating application in which one or more condensers are located… more
Date: January 1, 1985
Creator: Neeper, D.A. & Hedstrom, J.C.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Storage of heat and coolth in hollow-core concrete slabs. Swedish experience, and application to large, American-style buildings

Description: The Folksam office building in Farsta, near Stockholm, has operated since December 1977 with an energy use for direct space heating of only 60 kWh/m/sup 2/ (19,000 Btu/ft/sup 2/), which is only half the Stockholm average for new buildings. To this 60 kWh/m/sup 2/ must be added the typical electric use of another 60 kWh/m/sup 2/ for lights, equipment, fans, etc. Even though Stockholm has 3580 deg-day (C), new Swedish buildings are so well insulated that their temperature floats upwards during mo… more
Date: October 26, 1979
Creator: Anderson, L.O.; Bernander, K.G.; Isfaelt, E. & Rosenfeld, A.H.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Analysis of community solar systems for combined space and domestic hot water heating using annual cycle thermal energy storage

Description: A simplified design procedure is examined for estimating the storage capacity and collector area for annual-cycle-storage, community solar heating systems in which 100% of the annual space heating energy demand is provided from the solar source for the typical meteorological year. Hourly computer simulations of the performance of these systems were carried out for 10 cities in the United States for 3 different building types and 4 community sizes. These permitted the use of design values for ev… more
Date: January 1, 1980
Creator: Hooper, F.C.; McClenahan, J.D.; Cook, J.D.; Baylin, F.; Monte, R. & Sillman, S.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Control system analysis for off-peak auxiliary heating of passive solar systems

Description: A computer simulation method is presented for the design of an electrical auxiliary energy system for passive solar heated structures. The system consists of electrical mats buried in the ground underneath the structure. Energy is stored in the ground during utility off-peak hours and released passively to the heated enclosure. An optimal control strategy is used to determine the system design parameters of depth of mat placement and minimum instaled electrical heating capacity. The optimal con… more
Date: January 1, 1980
Creator: Murray, H.S.; Melsa, J.L. & Balcomb, J.D.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Distributed Energy Resources On-Site Optimization for Commercial Buildings with Electric and Thermal Storage Technologies

Description: The addition of storage technologies such as flow batteries, conventional batteries, and heat storage can improve the economic as well as environmental attractiveness of on-site generation (e.g., PV, fuel cells, reciprocating engines or microturbines operating with or without CHP) and contribute to enhanced demand response. In order to examine the impact of storage technologies on demand response and carbon emissions, a microgrid's distributed energy resources (DER) adoption problem is formulat… more
Date: May 15, 2008
Creator: Lacommare, Kristina S H; Stadler, Michael; Aki, Hirohisa; Firestone, Ryan; Lai, Judy; Marnay, Chris et al.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Microgrid Selection and Operation for Commercial Buildings in California and New York States

Description: The addition of storage technologies such as lead-acid batteries, flow batteries, or heat storage can potentially improve the economic and environmental attractiveness of on-site generation such as PV, fuel cells, reciprocating engines or microturbines (with or without CHP), and can contribute to enhanced demand response. Preliminary analyses for a Californian nursing home indicate that storage technologies respond effectively to time-varying electricity prices, i.e., by charging batteries duri… more
Date: May 1, 2008
Creator: Division, Environmental Energy Technologies; Lacommare, Kristina S H; Marnay, Chris; Stadler, Michael; Aki, Hirohisa; Coffey, Brian et al.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Distributed Generation with Heat Recovery and Storage

Description: Electricity produced by distributed energy resources (DER)located close to end-use loads has the potential to meet consumerrequirements more efficiently than the existing centralized grid.Installation of DER allows consumers to circumvent the costs associatedwith transmission congestion and other non-energy costs of electricitydelivery and potentially to take advantage of market opportunities topurchase energy when attractive. On-site, single-cycle thermal powergeneration is typically less effi… more
Date: June 16, 2006
Creator: Siddiqui, Afzal S.; Marnay, Chris; Firestone, Ryan M. & Zhou, Nan
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Reliability of the Solar One plant during the power production phase.

Description: Solar One is the world's largest central receiver power plant. During the last 4 years the plant availability was 80%, 83%, and 96%, respectively, during hours of sunshine. This reliability is considered to be excellent considering the plant is a first-of-a-kind facility and because it has been subjected to daily cyclic service. In this paper we present the frequencies and causes of the plant outages that occurred. The ten most important causes comprised 72% of the total outage time. Qualitativ… more
Date: January 1, 1989
Creator: Kolb, Gregory J. & Lopez, Charles W.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Heat storage and distribution inside passive-solar buildings

Description: Passive-solar buildings are investigated from the viewpoint of the storage of solar heat in materials of the building: walls, floors, ceilings, and furniture. The effects of the location, material, thickness, and orientation of each internal building surface are investigated. The concept of diurnal heat capacity is introduced and a method of using this parameter to estimate clear-day temperature swings is developed. Convective coupling to remote rooms within a building is discussed, including b… more
Date: January 1, 1983
Creator: Balcomb, J. D.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Alternate thermochemical cycles

Description: Experimental verification of all steps in the bismuth sulfate cycle has been obtained. At acid concentrations greater than 52.7 wt %, normal Bi/sub 2/(SO/sub 4/)/sub 3/ is formed but at lower concentrations, greater than 3.0 wt %, the bismuth oxysulfate, Bi/sub 2/O(SO/sub 4/)/sub 2/, is formed. Upon heating to temperatures in the range of 975 to 1150/sup 0/K, both decompose by the loss of SO/sub 3/ to a final composition of Bi/sub 2/O/sub 2/ /sub 3/(SO/sub 4/)/sub 0/ /sub 7/. The higher sulfate… more
Date: January 1, 1981
Creator: Hollabaugh, C.M.; Bowman, M.G. & Peterson, C.L.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Single media thermocline TES studies at Sandia National Laboratories

Description: The status of thermocline thermal energy storage (TES) development at Sandia National Laboratories is summarized. The work centers around testing in the 1200 gal engineering prototype thermocline test facility. The results of heat loss, charge, discharge and static tests in the prototype tank are described. Also described are analytical work and a supportive laboratory-scale program which is investigating diffusers to inhibit mixing in the tank.
Date: January 1, 1981
Creator: Gross, R.J.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

DOE/ORNL demonstrations of load management by controlled customer-side thermal energy storage

Description: The Division of Electric Energy Systems of the Department of Energy is funding a nationwide demonstration of electric load management through the use of utility-controlled customer-side thermal energy storage for residential space conditioning. These demonstration projects, which are being conducted by utilities under contract to ORNL, are designed to (1) collect reliable load-research data for assessing the impact on the utility system, (2) delineate and solve installation problems, (3) establ… more
Date: January 1, 1979
Creator: Kuliasha, M.A.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Solar ponds for industrial process heat

Description: Solar ponds offer perhaps the simplest technique for conversion of solar energy to thermal energy, which can be used for industrial process heat. It is unique in its capability in acting both as collector and storage. Further, the cost of solar pond per unit area is less than any active collectors available today. Combination of these economic and technical factors make solar ponds attractive as a fuel saver in IPH applications. Detailed calculations are given for solar ponds in two specific ap… more
Date: October 1, 1979
Creator: Brown, K.C.; Edesess, M. & Jayadev, T.S.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Optimization of solar assisted heat pump systems via a simple analytic approach

Description: An analytic method for calculating the optimum operating temperature of the collector/storage subsystem in a solar assisted heat pump is presented. A tradeoff exists between rising heat pump coefficient of performance and falling collector efficiency as this temperature is increased, resulting in an optimum temperature whose value increases with increasing efficiency of the auxiliary energy source. Electric resistance is shown to be a poor backup to such systems. A number of options for thermal… more
Date: January 1, 1980
Creator: Andrews, J. W.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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