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Response of a glass melter to steam explosion

Description: As part of the safety assessment in the design of the glass melter for large-scale immobilization of high-level radioactive wastes, structural considerations of the containment shell include its dynamic responses to abnormal loading conditions such as that caused by a steam explosion. The postulated steam explosion, conservatively given an energy content equivalent to 13 pounds of TNT, is capable of exerting sudden pressures greater than 300 psi but less than 410 psi on the melter wall. By use … more
Date: January 1, 1984
Creator: Yau, W. F. & Durant, W. S.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Application of artificial intelligence to melter control: Realtime process advisor for the scale melter facility

Description: The Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) at the Savannah River Plant (SRP) is currently under construction and when completed will process high-level radioactive waste into a borosilicate glass wasteform. This facility will consist of numerous batch chemical processing steps as well as the continuous operation of a joule-heated melter and its off-gas treatment system. A realtime process advisor system based on Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques has been developed and is currently in us… more
Date: January 1, 1988
Creator: Edwards, Jr, R E
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Costs of nuclear waste glassmaking at Savannah River

Description: Recently developed reference schedules for processing high-level nuclear wastes into solid glass froms at Savannah River provide bases for economic evaluations of potential improvements of glass melter design and operation. Greater melter output is achieved through increases in capacity and attainment and possible higher glass waste loadings. The economic evaluation indicates only minor beneficial impacts on total waste disposal costs for melter outputs greater than current reference values. In… more
Date: January 1, 1988
Creator: McDonell, W R; Thomas, S D & Goodlett, C B
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Startup test strategy for demonstrating the ability of DWPF to comply with the WAPS

Description: This document discusses Startup Test Program for the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) which has been formulated to demonstrate that the DWPF can be operated in a safe, environmentally responsible manner to produce a product that will meet the requirements of the Waste Acceptance Preliminary Specifications. Startup will be managed in four distinct phases: Integrated Water Runs, Cold Chemical Runs, Waste Qualification Runs, and Radioactive Operation. A variety of feeds will be used for Wa… more
Date: January 1, 1992
Creator: Sproull, J.F. & Marra, S.L.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Technology trends in econometric energy models: Ignorance or information

Description: Simple time trend variables in factor demand models can be statistically powerful variables, but may tell the researcher very little. Even more complex specification of technical change, e.g. factor biased, are still the economentrician's measure of ignorance'' about the shifts that occur in the underlying production process. Furthermore, in periods of rapid technology change the parameters based on time trends may be too large for long run forecasting. When there is clearly identifiable engine… more
Date: January 1, 1991
Creator: Boyd, G.; Kokkelenberg, E. & Ross, M.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Redox control of electric melters with complex feed compositions. Part II: preliminary limits for radioactive waste melters

Description: Melter redox control is necessary for safe and continued melter operation. A combination of feed composition control, melter operational controls and monitors, and periodic determination of product glass redox state is sufficient to meet operating and safety requirements. Mossbauer spectroscopy, or other methods which determine the Fe(II)/Fe(III) ratio of the glass product, can be used to determine the oxidation state of the glass and thereby assess operating conditions. Slightly reducing condi… more
Date: January 1, 1985
Creator: Bickford, D F; Diemer, Jr, R B & Iverson, D C
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Redox control of electric melters with complex feed compositions. Part I: analytical methods and models

Description: The redox state of glass from electric melters with complex feed compositions is determined by balance between gases above the melt, and transition metals and organic compounds in the feed. Part I discusses experimental and computational methods of relating flowrates and other melter operating conditions to the redox state of glass, and composition of the melter offgas. Computerized thermodynamic computational methods are useful in predicting the sequence and products of redox reactions and in … more
Date: January 1, 1985
Creator: Bickford, D F & Diemer, Jr, R B
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Thermal effects of electrically conductive deposits in melter

Description: The radioactive waste processed by the Defense Waste Processing Facility melter at the Savannah river Site contains noble metal fission-products. Operation of waste-glass melters treating commercial power reactor wastes indicates that accumulation of noble metals on melter floors can lead to distortion of electric heating patterns, loss of power, and possible electrode damage. Changes in melter geometry have been developed in Japan and Germany to minimize these effects. The two existing melters… more
Date: January 1, 1992
Creator: Choi, I.G.; Bickford, D.F. & Carter, J.T.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Evaluations of glass vitrification techniques on iron ratio determinations

Description: High-level liquid waste at the Savannah River Site (SRS) will be processed into borosilicate glass at the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF). Waste glass will be transported to a geologic repository for permanent disposal. Control of the redox properties of the melter feed is necessary for smooth operation of the melter. The Fe(II)/total Fe ratio in glass is a measure of the redox conditions in the melter. To simulate final glass product conditions, melter feed samples will be vitrified a… more
Date: January 1, 1991
Creator: Spencer, R.B.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Thermal history and crystallization characteristics of the DWPF glass waste form

Description: The Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) at the Savannah River Site will immobilize high-level radioactive waste by incorporating it in a stable borosilicate glass waste form suitable for long term storage in a geologic repository. The thermal history of the canistered waste form to be produced in DWPF was determined during filling and subsequent cooldown operations by simulating DWPF production conditions. Samples of simulated waste glass of projected compositions for the DWPF have been ex… more
Date: January 1, 1992
Creator: Marra, S. L.; Edwards, R. E. & Jantzen, Carol M.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Control of radioactive waste-glass melters: Part 3, Glass electrical stability

Description: Pilot waste-glass melter operations have indicated a tendency for noble-metal fission-product accumulation on melter floors, which can lead to distortion of electric heating patterns, and decrease melter life. Changes in melter geometry are being considered in Japan, Germany, and the United States to permit draining of the noble metals to reduce their effects. Physical modeling of melter electrical patterns, electrode/waste-glass electrochemistry, and non-linear electrical behavior have been ev… more
Date: January 1, 1988
Creator: Bickford, D F; Propst, R C & Plodinec, M J
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

High temperature materials for radioactive waste incineration and vitrification. Revision 1

Description: Incineration or vitrification of radioactive waste subjects equipment to alkaline or acidic fluxing, oxidation, sulfidation, carburization, and thermal shock. It is necessary to select appropriate materials of construction and control operating conditions to avoid rapid equipment failure. Nickel- and cobalt-based alloys with high chromium or aluminum content and aluminum oxide/chromium oxide refractories with high chromium oxide content have provided the best service in pilot-scale melter tests… more
Date: January 1, 1986
Creator: Bickford, D F; Ondrejcin, R S & Salley, L
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Rheology of glasses containing crystalline material

Description: The rheology of nonhomogeneous glassy melts that contain crystalline material has not been studied in much detail. In this study, the rheology of melts containing simulated nuclear waste has been characterized as a function of melt temperature and crystalline content. These melts can be either Newtonian or non-Newtonian fluids, depending on their crystalline contents. Melts which are free of crystals are strictly Newtonian. Melts which contain from 2 to 10 vol % crystals are Newtonian fluids, w… more
Date: January 1, 1986
Creator: Plodinec, M J
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Colorimetric determination of Fe sup 2+ /Fe sup 3+ ratio in radioactive glasses

Description: In the vitrification of nuclear wastes, the Fe{sup 2+}/Fe{sup 3+} ratio in the glass is a measure of the redox properties of the glass melt. It is necessary to measure this ratio to ensure that the melt redox properties are suitable for the glass melter. A colorimetric method for measuring the Fe{sup 2+}/Fe{sup 3+} ratio in highly radioactive glasses was developed and tested remotely in a shielded cell. The tests were performed on glasses similar in composition and radioactivity to those that w… more
Date: January 1, 1992
Creator: Coleman, C. J.; Baumann, E. W. & Bibler, N. E.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) startup test program: Glass characterization

Description: Liquid high-level nuclear waste will be immobilized at the Savannah River Site (SRS) by vitrification in borosilicate glass. The glass will be processed in the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) and poured into stainless steel canisters for eventual geologic disposal. Six simulated glass compositions will be processed in the DWPF during initial startup. The glass in 86 of the first 106 full sized canisters will be sampled and characterized. Extensive glass characterization will determine … more
Date: January 1, 1992
Creator: Jantzen, Carol M.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

SRP radioactive glass studies: small-scale process development and product performance

Description: A small-scale joule-heated ceramic melter contained in the Shielded Cells Facility has demonstrated the vitrification process for actual Savannah River Plant radioactive waste. Losses of radionuclides due to volatility are low and easily treated, and the glass produced is of comparable quality to laboratory-prepared simulated glass. Future work will include studies with wastes from other tanks, using new frit compositions. Leaching tests will continue, with emphasis being placed on long-term te… more
Date: January 1, 1982
Creator: Plodinec, M J; Soper, P D; Bibler, N E & Kessler, J L
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

High level waste vitrification at the SRP (Savannah River Plant) (DWPF (Defense Waste Processing Facility) summary)

Description: The Savannah River Plant has been operating a nuclear fuel cycle since the early 1950's. Fuel and target elements are fabricated and irradiated to produce nuclear materials. After removal from the reactors, the fuel elements are processed to extract the products, and waste is stored. During the thirty years of operation including evaporation, about 30 million gallons of high level radioactive waste has accumulated. The Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) under construction at Savannah… more
Date: January 1, 1988
Creator: Weisman, A F; Knight, J R; McIntosh, D L & Papouchado, L M
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Performance of a large-scale melter off-gas system utilizing simulated SRP DWPF waste

Description: The Department of Energy and the DuPont Company have begun construction of a Defense Waste Processing Facility to immobilize radioactive waste now stored as liquids at the Department of Energy's Savannah River Plant. The immobilization process solidifies waste sludge by vitrification into a leach-resistant borosilicate glass. Development of the process has been the responsibility of the Savannah River Laboratory. As part of the development, two large-scale glass melter systems have been de… more
Date: March 1, 1984
Creator: Kessler, J L & Randall, C T
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Control of high-level radioactive waste-glass melters

Description: The Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) will immobilize Savannah River Site High Level Waste as a durable borosilicate glass for permanent disposal in a repository. The DWPF will be controlled based on glass composition. The following discussion is a preliminary analysis of the capability of the laboratory methods that can be used to control the glass composition, and the relationships between glass durability and glass properties important to glass melting. The glass durability and proces… more
Date: January 1, 1990
Creator: Bickford, D.F. & Coleman, C.J.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Analysis of natural convection in a waste glass melter

Description: Laminar natural convection is a two-dimensional cavity with a line heat sink at the top boundary is investigated numerically. The fluid in the cavity is a high Prandtl number fluid with volumetric heat source. Parametric study is conducted to find the effect of variations in Rayleigh number, aspect ratio, sink location, and volumetric heat source on the flow and temperature field. 5 refs.
Date: January 1, 1989
Creator: Choi, Inn Gui.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Mathematical modeling of radioactive waste glass melter

Description: The radioactive waste glass melter used at Savannah River Site (SRS) is a liquid slurry feed joule-heated ceramic melter. The physical nature of a joule-heated meter is complex and involves interactions between electric, thermal, and flow fields. These interactions take place through strongly temperature-dependent glass properties, natural convection, advection, diffusion, and volumetrically distributed joule heating sources. The cold feed on top of heated glass distabilizes the flow field and … more
Date: January 1, 1990
Creator: Choi, I.G.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Modeling of the in-situ vitrification process

Description: In situ vitrification (ISV) is a thermal treatment process that converts contaminated soil into a durable, leach-resistant product similar to obsidian or basalt. The process, which was developed by Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) for remediation of contaminated soil, is now in the field demonstration and implementation stage. Demonstration tests using the US Department of Energy (DOE)-owned large-scale system are underweight or planned for applications at Hanford and other DOE sites, includi… more
Date: April 1990
Creator: Koegler, S.S. & Kindle, C.H.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Numerical simulation of high-level radioactive nuclear waste glass production

Description: Vitrification of radioactive waste has become an international approach for converting highly radioactive wastes into a durable solid prior to placing them in a permanent disposal repository. The technology for the process is not new. The conversion melter is a direct descendant of all electric melters used for manufacturing of some commercial glass types. Therefore, the vitrification process of radioactive wastes inherits typical problems of all electric furnaces and creates some other specifi… more
Date: January 1, 1991
Creator: Choi, I.G. (Westinghouse Savannah River Co., Aiken, SC (United States)) & Ungan, A. (Purdue Univ., Indianapolis, IN (United States). Dept. of Mechanical Engineering)
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

The DWPF product composition control system at Savannah River: Statistical process control algorithm

Description: The DWPF Process batch-blends aqueous radwaste (PHA) with solid radwaste (Sludge) in a waste receipt vessel (the SRAT). The resulting SRAT-Batch is transferred to the next process vessel (the SME) and there blended with ground glass (Frit) to produce a batch of feed slurry. The SME-Batch is passed to a subsequent hold tank (the MFT) which feeds a Melter continuously. The Melter produces a molten glass wasteform which is poured into stainless steel canisters for cooling and, ultimately, shipment… more
Date: January 1, 1991
Creator: Postles, R.L. & Brown, K.G.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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