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in subjects: "Wastes 010900* -- Coal, Lignite, & Peat-- Environmental Aspects"

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Soil attenuation of leachates from low-rank coal combustion wastes: a literature survey. [116 references]

In parallel with pursuing the goal of increased utilization of low-rank solid fuels, the US Department of Energy is investigating various aspects associated with the disposal of coal-combustion solid wastes. Concern has been expressed relative to the potential hazards presented by leachates from fly ash, bottom ash and scrubber wastes. This is of particular interest in some regions where disposal areas overlap aquifer recharge regions. The western regions of the United States are characterized … more

Date: January 1, 1984

Creator: Gauntt, R. O.; DeOtte, R. E.; Slowey, J. F. & McFarland, A. R.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Emissions of greenhouse gases from the use of transportation fuels and electricity

This report presents estimates of full fuel-cycle emissions of greenhouse gases from using transportation fuels and electricity. The data cover emissions of carbon dioxide (CO{sub 2}), methane, carbon monoxide, nitrous oxide, nitrogen oxides, and nonmethane organic compounds resulting from the end use of fuels, compression or liquefaction of gaseous transportation fuels, fuel distribution, fuel production, feedstock transport, feedstock recovery, manufacture of motor vehicles, maintenance of tr… more

Date: November 1, 1991

Creator: DeLuchi, M.A. (California Univ., Davis, CA (United States))

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Acid rain: commentary on controversial issues and observations on the role of fuel burning

Even though much information has been accumulated on the subject of acid precipitation, lack of knowledge in certain technical areas precludes an adequate understanding of (1) how serious the acid precipitation problem really is and (2) what effect controlling sources of acid precipitation precursors would have in reducing acidification. It is nevertheless possible to draw some broad conclusions regarding the problem and to ascertain the direction that the required further work should take. Thi… more

Date: March 1, 1982

Creator: Szabo, M. F.; Esposito, M. P. & Spaite, P. W.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Trace-element geochemistry of coal resource development related to environmental quality and health

This report assesses for decision makers and those involved in coal resource development the environmental and health impacts of trace-element effects arising from significant increases in the use of coal, unless unusual precautions are invoked. Increasing demands for energy and the pressing need for decreased dependence of the United States on imported oil require greater use of coal to meet the nation's energy needs during the next decade. If coal production and consumption are increased at a… more

Date: January 1, 1980

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Environmental control implications of generating electric power from coal. Technology status report. Volume I

This is the first in a series of reports evaluating environmental control technologies applicable to the coal-to-electricity process. The technologies are described and evaluated from an engineering and cost perspective based upon the best available information obtained from utility experience and development work in progress. Environmental control regulations and the health effects of pollutants are also reviewed. Emphasis is placed primarily upon technologies that are now in use. For SO/sub 2… more

Date: December 1, 1976

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Needed research on the terrestrial effects of coal gasification and liquefaction technologies

The Terrestrial Effects panel discussed the needed direction and techniques for future research in the terrestrial effects of new coal conversion technologies. Panel members concurred on the need for changes in emphasis, approach, and even attitude in environmental research. The following are the basic perceptions of the panel: Our goal is to provide for environmentally amenable technologies in coal conversion and product distribution, especially focusing on pollutants entering pathways to man.… more

Date: February 1, 1979

Creator: States, J. B.; Harris, W. F.; Haug, P. T.; Kingsbury, G.; Preston, E.; Risser, P. et al.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Atmospheric trace element pollutants from coal combustion

In summary, analyses have been obtained for approximately 60 elements for sized flyash particles from two coal-fired steam plants. Evaluation of data from the elemental analyses, including the concentration dependence upon particle size, electron microscopy, ESCA, and mass spectrometry suggests a mechanism for formation of the submicron particles in some coal-fired plants. This mechanism involves bursting of larger particles during gas expansion and production of a very large number of very sma… more

Date: February 1, 1979

Creator: Smith, R. D.; Campbell, J. A. & Felix, W. D.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Environmental data energy technology characterizations: coal

This document describes the activities leading to the conversion of coal to electricity. Specifically, the activities consist of coal mining and beneficiation, coal transport, electric power generation, and power transmission. To enhance the usefulness of the material presented, resource requirements, energy products, and residuals for each activity area are normalized in terms of 10/sup 12/ Btus of energy produced. Thus, the total effect of producing electricity from coal can be determined by … more

Date: April 1, 1980

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Environmental issues relating to fossil energy technology options

The Office of Fossil Energy has prepared a report on fossil technology options available to reduce oil imports. It identifies energy processes ready for immediate deployment (called first wave) and those that, after further development, would provide substantial benefits over the first wave. The latter (called second wave) technologies could be in commercial use in the late 1980s. The status of environmental readiness for each of these fossil technologies is addressed in this report. Primary en… more

Date: October 1, 1979

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Proceedings of the workshop on radioactivity associated with coal use

A workshop on radioactivity in coal use was held on September 15 through 17, 1981, under the auspices of the US Department of Energy, Office of Environmental Programs, and the Los Alamos National Laboratory. The purpose of the workshop was to identify research issues associated with radioactivity resulting from the use of coal for electric power generation. The concensus of the 10 scientists participating in the workshop was that a moderate to strong need exists for research in solubility of fl… more

Date: December 1, 1981

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Transport of contaminants from energy-process-waste leachates through subsurface soils and soil components: laboratory experiments

The subsurface transport and attenuation of inorganic contaminants common to a variety of energy process waste leachates are being studied using laboratory column methods. Anionic species currently being emphasized are As, B, Mo, and Se. Transport of the cations Cd and Ni is also being studied. The solid adsorbents consist of three soil mineral components (silica sand, kaolinite, and goethite), and four subsurface soils (a dunal sand, an oxidic sandy clay loam, an acidic clay loam, and an alkal… more

Date: August 1, 1982

Creator: Wangen, L. E.; Stallings, E. A. & Walker, R. D.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Health and environmental impacts of fluidized-bed combustion of coal

The findings of the study regarding major areas of impact are summarized on a comparative basis. The results depend on many assumptions. They are also dependent on current engineering designs and proposed methods for handling and treating wastes. These aspects could change as the technology for the FBC is developed and are dependent on costs and on the competitive position of the technology. The relative competitive positions among the technologies are unknown, as all of the options appear capa… more

Date: January 1, 1978

Creator: Hoover, L. J.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Requirements for environmental monitoring, assessment, and controls for nonnuclear energy demonstration projects. Report to Congress, prepared in fulfillment of Public Law 95-39, Section 113

This report is submitted by the Department of Energy, in consultation with the Environmental Protection Agency, in fulfillment of Section 113 of the Energy Research and Development Administration Appropriation Authorization Act for FY 1977 (P.L. 95-39), which mandates the submission of a report to the Congress on the environmental monitoring, assessment, and control efforts related to environment, safety, and health required to successfully demonstrate any project subject to Sections 8(e) and (… more

Date: May 1, 1978

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Growth responses of selected freshwater algae to trace elements and scrubber ash slurry generated by coal-fired power plants

The development and implementation of standard toxicity tests is a necessity if consistent and reliable data are to be obtained for water quality criteria. The adapted EPA AAPBT is an ideal static algal toxicity test system. The algal test medium has a chemical composition similar to natural unpolluted waters of low ionic strength. It is appropriate to use MATC water quality criteria when assessing the potential impact of pollutants generated by coal-fired power stations because these energy-ge… more

Date: January 1, 1979

Creator: Vocke, R.W.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Enhanced biodegradation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons in manufactured gas plant wastes

Scientists at the Institute of Gas Technology (IGT) have focused on enhancing destruction of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) present as pollutants in manufactured gas plant (MGP) soils. The factor that bears the most restrictive influence on successful biological PAH degradation is low pollutant transfer from soil into an aqueous environment where biotreatment processes can take place. Physical and chemical enhancements were used in conjunction with biological processes. Physical enhancements … more

Date: January 1, 1990

Creator: Gauger, W.K.; Srivastava, V.J. (Institute of Gas Technology, Chicago, IL (United States)); Hayes, T.D. & Linz, D.G. (Gas Research Inst., Chicago, IL (United States))

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Land reclamation research

The United States Department of Energy has assigned its Office of Environment the task of developing methods that will prevent or reduce damages caused by surface mining. Before that task can be accomplished, more must be learned about the functioning of organisms and their surroundings-the ecosystems threatened by disruptions from surface mining. While new federal and state laws require the full reclamation of mine sites, there is no assurance now that reclaimed areas can be self-sustaining, e… more

Date: September 1, 1980

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Environmental impact of coal ash on tributary streams and nearshore waters of Lake Erie. Quarterly reports, August 31 and November 30, 1975, combined. [Cd, Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn, Cr, Ca, K, Mg, Na, Pb, As, Se]

The study of coal wastes in Chautauga County, New York was begun on June 1, 1975. The major effort to date has been made on the fly ash dump west of Dunkirk, N.Y. The following topics are covered: description of the site; invertebrate biology; selection of trace elements for study and methods of analysis; water analyses; analyses of invertebrates; literature search; physical chemistry of coal ash and the leaching process; and study of lake sediments.

Date: January 1, 1975

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Environmental analysis for pipeline gas demonstration plants

The Department of Energy (DOE) has implemented programs for encouraging the development and commercialization of coal-related technologies, which include coal gasification demonstration-scale activities. In support of commercialization activities the Environmental Analysis for Pipeline Gas Demonstration Plants has been prepared as a reference document to be used in evaluating potential environmental and socioeconomic effects from construction and operation of site- and process-specific projects… more

Date: September 1, 1978

Creator: Stinton, L.H.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Preliminary evaluation of environmental issues on the use of peat as an energy source

A study to characterize the environmental issues, that would arise from an extensive peat utilization program has been initiated. The objectives of this preliminary report are to: identify the environmental issues and potential problems; examine the significance of issues in the geographical regions where peat use could be developed; and establish a methodology by which issues can be resolved or clarified through future coordinated private, state, and federal programs. An overview of peat devel… more

Date: March 14, 1980

Creator: King, R.; Richardson, S.; Walters, A.; Boesch, L.; Thomson, W. & Irons, J.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Comparative study of combustion product emissions of Pakistani coal briquettes and traditional Pakistani domestic fuels

A comparative emissions study was conducted on combustion products of various solid domestic cooking fuels; the objective was to compare relative levels of organic and inorganic toxic emissions from traditional Pakistani fuels (wood, wood charcoal, and dried animal dung) with manufactured low-rank coal briquettes (Lakhra and Sor- Range coals) under conditions simulating domestic cooking. A small combustion shed 12 m[sup 3] internal volume, air exchange rate 14 h[sup [minus]1] was used to simula… more

Date: October 1, 1992

Creator: Wachter, E. A.; Gammage, R. B.; Haas, J. W., III; Wilson, D. L.; DePriest, J. C.; Wade, J. et al.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department