Report regarding ion chamber measurements made of the external environmental radiation in various location in the United States during the summer of 1957.
Abstract: Both direct and coincidence counting apparatus are described. The elimination of cosmic ray events by coincidence plus gamma ray shielding permits the reduction of counting rates far beyond that obtainable with shielding alone. By selection of materials and development of new components and techniques, the residual background count of beta counting equipment can be reduced to a very low value. Geiger counter equipment for routine laboratory measurements is described, have a background count of 0.7 c/m. Scintillation counters are shown to have a background of 0.2 c/m at 30% efficiency. A portable Geiger counter with a 3.7 c/m background is also described.
Abstract : Methods for the chemical separation of strontium, barium, cesium, cerium, yttrium, zirconium, niobium, and tungsten from complex matrices are described. Procedures for the radiometric determination of the longer-lived isotopes of these elements are outlined. Inert carriers are added and the sample is dissolved by fusion with sodium carbonate. The melt is leached first with water and then with hydrochloric acid. The elements are recovered from these fractions by a series of wet chemical and ion exchange procedures, and gravimetric and radiometric determinations performed.
It was suggested that radon concentrations in air and potassium fertilizers on the ground contribute appreciably to natural background radiation levels. The effect on natural background gamma radiation from radon and its associated daughters in equilibrium and from potassium in fertilizers has been calculated and found to be negligible. Background radiation intensities have been assumed to be on the order of 10 [mu]rad/hr.
Technical report was prepared by the Health and Safety Laboratory (HASL) with the objective of presenting a current picture of the Strontium Program. Abstract: Strontium 90 levels in fallout, milk, canned fish and tap water are summarized for data available up to February 30, 1958. Original data submitted during the month of February is included as an appendix. Data are presented to show the amount of Strontium 90 in fallout at sampling stations within and outside the United States.
Technical report was prepared by the Health and Safety Laboratory (HASL) with the objective of presenting a current picture of the Strontium Program. Abstract: Strontium 90 levels in fallout, milk, canned fish and tap water are summarized for data available up to February 28, 1957. Original data submitted during the month of February is included as an appendix. Data are presented to show the amount of Strontium 90 in fallout at sampling stations within and outside the United States.
Abstract: A four decade log count ratemeter based on a three diode pump section is described. The design equations for this system are included. The unit is contained in a chassis 3 1/2" high by 9 1/2" wide by 6" deep. All circuits are constructed on etched circuit boards to facilitate testing, construction, and servicing.
From abstract: "A scintillation detector has a pulse height output which is a linear function of the energy of impinging gamma radiation. A pulse height analyzer system determines the amplitude distribution of this train of pulses. The system also displays this information graphically in a form which is convenient for further analysis."
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