Technology Survey to Support Revision to the Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study Work Plan for the 200­-SW­-2 Operable Unit at the U.S. Department of Energy’s Hanford Site Page: 92 of 109

                                
Table 5.16. (contd.)

Technology                                 General Description                                      Example Vendor/Reference Information
Analytical - Flame         A flame ionization detector (FID) measures the change of signal as  http://www.envirotools.org/factsheets/Remediation/testtechshtml#soils
Ionization Detector (FID)  analytes are ionized by a hydrogen-air flame. A FID can be used alone  screen
to give a total reading of ionized contaminants in parts per million (ppm).  http://www.newmoa.org/cleanup/advisory/gc.htm
When used in this setting, the FID is a screening tool for soil
contamination. It can give you a general idea whether soil is slightly or  http://www.ceainstr.com/pdfdatasheets/sleuth_Info.pdf
grossly impacted based on the total ppm reading. However, note that
there is not a direct relationship between the contaminant levels
identified with a FID and those obtained during laboratory analysis of the
soil. In addition, when a FID is used alone, the contaminant is unknown
because it can not identify the individual contaminants causing the
ionization. Because a FID can detect phenols, phthalates, PAHs, VOCs,
and petroleum hydrocarbons, the ppm reading could be any one of these
individual contaminants or a combination of them. A FID can also be
used in conjunction with a gas chromatograph to identify and quantify
the individual constituents causing the soil contamination.
Analytical - Gas Chroma-   The GC/MS instrument separates chemical mixtures (the GC           http://www.cpeo.org/techtree/ttdescript/msgc.htm
tography (GC) or Gas       component) and identifies the components at a molecular level (the MS  Einfeld W. 1998. Environmental Technology Verification Report:
Chromatography/Mass        component). It is one of the most accurate tools for analyzing     Field-Portable Gas Chromatograph/Mass Spectrometer. EPA/600/R-
Spectrometry (GC/MS) -     environmental samples. The GC works on the principle that a mixture  98/142, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and
Portable                   will separate into individual substances when heated. The heated gases  Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Las Vegas,
are carried through a column with an inert gas (such as helium). As the  Nevada. Available at:
separated substances emerge from the column opening, they flow into  http://costperformance.org/monitoring/pdf/hapsite_2.pdf
the MS. Mass spectrometry identifies compounds by the mass of the
analyte molecule. For VOCs.                                        http://www.fieldportable.com/gcmsapp.html
http://www.syagen.com/fieldportable_ms.asp
http://www.newmoa.org/cleanup/advisory/gc.htm
Analytical - Immunoassay   Immunoassay is an innovative technology used to measure compound-  http://www.envirotools.org/factsheets/Remediation/testtech.shtml#soils
specific reactions to individual compounds or classes of compounds.  amp
The reactions are used to detect and quantify contaminants. Field test  DoD. 2000. ESTCP Cost and Performance Report: Explosives
kits using this method are available for the following compounds or  Detecting Immunosensors. CU-9713, U.S. Department of Defense,
groups of compounds: benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene    Environmental Security Technology Certification Program, Arlington,
(BTEX), PCPs, PCBs, PAHs, pesticides, explosives, and metals. For  Virginia. Available at
some test kits you need to know the suspected contaminant levels as well  http://www.estcp.org/documents/techdocs/199713.pdf
as the target analyte.
EPA. 2000. Environmental Technology Verification Report on
Explosives Detection Technology, Research International, Inc., Fast
2000. EPA/600/R-00/045, United States Environmental Protection

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