Technology Survey to Support Revision to the Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study Work Plan for the 200-SW-2 Operable Unit at the U.S. Department of Energy’s Hanford Site Page: 77 of 109
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Table 5.10. Vertical Distribution of Radioactivity: Intrusive
Advantages/Disadvantages, Example Vendor/Reference
Technology General Description Effectiveness and Limitations Information
Borehole Logging Geophysical tool deployed in borehole created by drilling or Good vertical resolution. Requires cone penetrometer Last and Horton (2000) (PNNL-
cone penetrometer; gamma ray, or neutron detector. borehole or drilled borehole. Identifies potential 13149)
Gross Gamma Ray, Spectral Gamma Ray, transuranic waste by increased neutron radiation or EPA/625/R-92/007 (Tables 7-6,
Neutron/Moisture, Temperature. energy-characteristic gamma rays. Active methods to 7-7, and 7-8)
induce fission and measure resulting neutrons are
available but expensive. Common Use for This Waste Management Hanford
Application. Cost of access within landfill increases (James Meisner, 509-372-1120)
costs. NucSafe, others
Petersen et al. (2001) (BHI-
01484, Rev. 1)
Neutron Detection Active neutron detectors usually use central anode wire Because the required nuclear reaction is much more Petersen et al. (2001) (BHI-
- Active tubes filled with boron triflouride or helium-3, with a probable with slow neutrons, high-energy neutrons need 01484, Rev. 1)
voltage potential across the tube. An impinging neutron to be moderated (using graphite, for example) to be Weaver JA, MJ Joyce, AJ
produces a nuclear reaction product of a lithium nucleus and reliably detectable. These detectors may suffer from Peyton, J Roskell, and
an alpha particle (in the case of a boron triflouride tube) or a interference from high levels of gamma radiation. MJ Armishaw. 2001. "Unique
tritium nucleus and a proton (for a helium-3 tube). These Broad-Spectrum Neutron
detectors can be operated in a pulse or a current mode Sensing Instrument." Review of
(depending on counting rate). Scientific Instruments
72(4):2043-2047.
http://www.fas.org/sgp/othergov/
doe/lanl/lib-www/la-
pubs/00326408.pdf (Neutron
Detectors, Crane and Baker)
Neutron Detection Neutron flux can be used to measure transuranic The ganna radiation spectrum is also measured using a Tommasino L. 2004.
- Detector for radionuclides because the neutron production in sediment is small diameter gamma probe to provide additional "Advanced Passive Detectors for
Passive Neutrons caused by the alpha-neutron reaction that occurs when information for determining the presence and activity of Neutron Dosimetry and
transuranic radionuclides emit alpha radiation in the transuranic radionuclides. Has been deployed at the Spectrometry." Radiation
presence of oxygen-rich soil. While any gamma-emitting Hanford Site previously. Protection Dosimetry
radionuclide will affect the detected gamma activity, only 110(1-4):183-186.
transuranic radionuclides through the alpha-neutron reaction
produce a neutron response. Thus, the neutron flux can then
be correlated with the presence and activity of transuranic
radionuclides in the subsurface.v,
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Truex, Michael J.; Johnson, Christian D. & Nimmons, Michael J. Technology Survey to Support Revision to the Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study Work Plan for the 200-SW-2 Operable Unit at the U.S. Department of Energy’s Hanford Site, report, September 25, 2007; Richland, Washington. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc894149/m1/77/: accessed July 16, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.