Heavy-Ion Irradiation of Thulium(III) Oxide Targets Prepared by Polymer-Assisted Deposition Page: 4 of 8
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(200 particle nA) for a total dose of 1.3 x 1015 particles. The irradiated targets were easily
removed from the target ladder and were subject to further analysis.
Visual inspection of the Tm2O3 target irradiated by the 40Arlo' beam revealed a
darkened rectangular region, see supplementary materials. The dimensions and location
of the darkened rectangle are consistent with the known beam spot image after beam
collimation. The Tm2O3 target irradiated by the higher intensity (200 particle nA) 40Ar8
beam, had a melt spot after irradiation. This was done to test the limits of the method as
stationary targets only receive a maximum intensity of -40 particle nA during an
irradiation to prevent melting. The melt spot for the intensely irradiated Tm2O3 target
indicates an upper-limit of beam intensity that stationary targets prepared by the PAD
method can withstand. From monitoring the quantity of Rutherford scattered particles as
a function of time, no decrease in intensity for either target was observed; this indicates
target flaking did not occur during the irradiation.
An SEM (Ultra 55VP Fesem, Zeiss) with an acceleration voltage of 5 kV was
used to determine surface homogeneity of the 40Arlo+ irradiated target at a magnification
of 274x. A cross-sectional SEM image was also taken to determine uniformity at a
magnification of 3lkx. A representative image of the surface after the irradiation is
shown in figure la. Small surface aggregates randomly distributed on the surface can be
seen, and were present before irradiation. This is likely due to using non-clean room
techniques in the application of the PAD method. A small pinhole -7 x 4 pm is also
visible in the upper right hand side of figure la. Pinholes are seen prior to irradiation and
are likely due to defects in the substrate. A representative SEM cross-section of the target
after irradiation is shown in figure ib; two layers of Tm2O3 can be clearly seen in the
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Garcia, Mitch A.; Ali, Mazhar N.; Chang, Noel N.; Parsons-Moss, Tashi; Ashby, Paul D.; Gates, Jacklyn M. et al. Heavy-Ion Irradiation of Thulium(III) Oxide Targets Prepared by Polymer-Assisted Deposition, article, September 15, 2008; Berkeley, California. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc893992/m1/4/: accessed July 16, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.