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Table 36. TRDU Range of Operating Conditions for Air-Blown Operation
Coal Name Wyodak As-Mined Indian Washed Indian
Coal Type Subbituminous Subbituminous Subbituminous
Moisture Content, % 23 4.5 9
Pressure, psig 120 120 120
Steam-maf Coal Ratio 0.49-0.72 0.68-0.77 0.62-0.82
02-maf Coal Ratio 0.8-1.1 1.0-1.2 1.0-1.2
Ca-S Ratio, mole (sorbent only) 1.5 1.4 1.4
Coal and Sorbent Feed Rate, lb/hr 285-415 416-465 382-505
Avg. Mixing Zone Temp, C , avg. 844-894 879-948 928-936
HHV of Fuel Gas, act., Btu/scf 47-66 41-43 33-50
HHV of Fuel Gas, cor., Btu/scf 126-140 80-89 84-90
Conversion, % 87-94.5 80-89 84-90
Carbon in Bed, %, Standpipe 1.6-5.0 1.1-2.5 1.7-2.5
Riser Velocity, ft/s 38.1-43.8 49.7-51.1 48.2-55.6
Standpipe Velocity, ft/s 0.20-0.25 0.20-0.22 0.21-0.22
Circulation Rate, lb/hr 3590-8840 2610-7520 3340-4350
Total Operating Hours 175.5 65*
* Total for as-mined and washed Indian subbituminous.
operating a gas turbine without either enriched air operation or some supplemental fuel source. These
lower heating values and carbon conversions as compared to the low-ash Wyodak coal are thought
to be due to a lower char/steam reactivity and to the extra heat loss associated with heating all of the
ash up to bed temperature. Typically, the lower heating value of the fuel gas stream achieved from
air-blown and oxygen-blown gasifiers would have approximately the same heating value entering the
gas turbine combustor since the high volume of steam addition needed in the oxygen-blown system
acts like the nitrogen diluent that would enter the gas turbine combustor under air-blown operation.
This high steam addition to the oxygen-blown transport reactor is necessary to prevent the formation
of hot zones in the circulating bed material where bed material agglomeration and deposition can
occur. Generally, the similar fuel gas heating values entering a gas turbine make it hard to justify the
economics of an oxygen-blown transport reactor strictly for power production. However, in this case,
some oxygen enrichment or oxygen operation may be necessary in order to achieve fuel gas heating
values sufficient to guarantee operation of the gas turbine. In addition, concepts such as a Vision 21
plant in which a gasifier would be operated for both power and fuels or chemicals production could
justify the higher capital and operating costs associated with an oxygen plant.
4.4.12 Conclusions of Gasification Testing
In total, eleven test campaigns utilizing the L-valve loop seal configuration have been
conducted under enriched air- or full oxygen-blown conditions. During these tests, 1515 hours of
coal feed with 660 hours of air-blown gasification and 720 hours of enriched air- or oxygen-blown
gasification were completed. During these tests, approximately 366 hours of operation with Wyodak,43
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Swanson, Michael L. Advanced High-Temperature, High-Pressure Transport Reactor Gasification, report, August 30, 2005; [Grand Forks, North Dakota]. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc889538/m1/55/: accessed July 17, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.