Analysis of D0 -> K+ pi- pi0 Decays: Search for D0-D0bar Mixing, and Measurements of the Doubly Cabibbo-Suppressed Decay Rate and Resonance Contributions Page: 21 of 187
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C bsd u c U
W W b,sd bsd
u bs d c u W c
Figure 1.1: Standard-Model box diagrams of flavor-changing neutral currents con-
tributing to D0-D0 mixing at the quark level
b-quark. Because the suppression from Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) mixing
factors VbVu* outweighs the potential contribution of the b-quark in the box, the b-
quark does not significantly affect the D-mixing rate [2]. Thus, the short-distance
contribution to x comes primarily from transitions to d- and s-quarks, and this is
estimated to be [1]
Xbox ~ O(10-6) - O(10-5). (1.4)
Short-distance contributions to y are further suppressed.
Long-distance contributions to D mixing are therefore expected to be dominant,
but these contributions are non-perturbative and cannot be calculated from first prin-
ciples. They come from transitions to final states f) that are accessible to both ID0)
and D0). For example, Figure 1.2 illustrates a contribution to mixing from transitions
to two pseudoscalars. It has long been observed that D mixing is an effect of flavor-
SU(3) (SU(3)F) breaking [3, 4], and there has been a continuing effort to estimate
the size of this symmetry breaking. It has also been shown that if SU(3)F breaking is4
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Wilson, Michael Galante. Analysis of D0 -> K+ pi- pi0 Decays: Search for D0-D0bar Mixing, and Measurements of the Doubly Cabibbo-Suppressed Decay Rate and Resonance Contributions, report, December 13, 2005; [Menlo Park, California]. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc878913/m1/21/: accessed July 18, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.