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Changes in the Arctic: Background and Issues for Congress
General.............................................................................................................................. 47
May 2011 Arctic Council Agreement on Arctic Search and Rescue............................. 48
Geopolitical Environment ................................................................................................... 50
Multilateral Political Cooperation.................................................................................. 51
Security Issues .................................................................................................................. 58
U.S. Military Forces and Operations.................................................................................... 63
DOD in General................................................................................................................ 64
Navy and Coast Guard in General ................................................................................. 73
Navy.................................................................................................................................. 74
Coast Guard ...................................................................................................................... 77
Potential Oversight Questions Relating to Arctic Policy and Strategy ............................... 82
January 2009 Arctic Policy Directive (NSPD 66/HSPD 25) ........................................ 82
May 2013 Arctic Strategy and January 2014 Implementation Plan............................... 83
CRS Reports on Specific Arctic-Related Issues ........................................................................ 84
Figures
Figure 1. Arctic Area of Alaska as Defined by ARPA ................................................................. 3
Figure 2. Entire Arctic Area as Defined by ARPA ..................................................................... 4
Figure 3. Arctic Sea Ice Extent in September 2008, Compared with Prospective Shipping
Routes and Oil and Gas Resources........................................................................................ 19
Figure 4. Illustrative Map of Arctic SAR Areas in Arctic SAR Agreement ............................... 50
Tables
Table 1. Ship Casualties in Arctic Circle Waters, 2005-2014.................................................... 48
Appendixes
Appendix A. Arctic Research and Policy Act (ARPA) of 1984 (Title I of P.L. 98-373) ............ 85
Appendix B. P.L. 101-609 of 1990, Amending Arctic Research and Policy Act (ARPA) of
1984............................................................................................................................................ 92
Appendix C. January 2009 Arctic Policy Directive (NSPD 66/HSPD 25) ............................... 94
Appendix D. May 2013 National Strategy for Arctic Region ..................................................... 102
Contacts
Author Contact Information ........................................................................................................ 109Congressional Research Service
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O'Rourke, Ronald. Changes in the Arctic: Background and Issues for Congress, report, March 25, 2016; Washington D.C.. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc847749/m1/4/: accessed July 17, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.