Renaissance of the ~ 1-TeV Fixed-Target Program Page: 2 of 31
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use an example Tevatron fixed-target program to illustrate the high discovery potential possible in
the charm and neutrino sectors. We highlight examples which are either unique to the program or
difficult to accomplish at other venues.
1 Introduction
Fixed-target at approximately TeV energies? Didn't we do that for over twenty years ending a decade
ago? Why revisit that strategy?
A renaissance in TeV-energy fixed-target physics has become possible because of new detector tech-
nologies and improvements in accelerators since the 1990's. As a result, we can describe a fixed-target
physics program, focusing on the charm and neutrino sectors. The program is unique to a -1 TeV
fixed-target facility and complements the ongoing physics program envisioned by the community for
the late 2010's.
There are two possible sources of -1 TeV protons which may be available. The first is the Tevatron
at Fermilab, which can be modified for fixed-target running. Details on how this machine can be run
at higher intensity and higher efficiency than in the past are discussed in Appendix A of this paper.
The second possible source is the SPS+ [1, 2] which is planned at CERN as part of the LHC upgrade
program. The fixed-target program described here can run during times when the SPS+ is not
providing beam to LHC. The energy of SPS+ is expected to be about 1 TeV. For the results presented
here, we have assumed 800 GeV protons on target since this is the capability of the existing machine.
However, the physics case only improves for running at 1 TeV.
The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the strength and richness of an envisioned fixed-target pro-
gram. In particular, this paper concentrates on a new study of discovery potential in the charm sector,
which would utilize slow-spill beams. A future DO-D0 mixing and CP violation (CPV) experiment
with three years of running could reconstruct an order of magnitude more flavor-tagged Do -> K+7-
decays than will be reconstructed by the B-factory experiments with their full data sets. The resulting
sensitivity to CPV parameters q/pl and Arg(q/p) is found to be much greater than current world
sensitivity. However, to illustrate that this is a well-rounded program, we also explore ideas in the
neutrino sector. We review the case for a precision electroweak neutrino experiment running from a
very pure sign-selected high energy v/, beam, which has been discussed in more detail elsewhere [3, 4]
and we present new studies on two promising and unique avenues for beyond Standard Model neutrino
searches using beam dump production. The first of these uses vT charged current events produced
by a proton beam in the 800 GeV to 1 TeV range. The second is a search for neutral heavy leptons
produced in the beam dump. Emphasizing the breadth of physics possible in the high-energy neu-
trino scattering sector of this new fixed target program, an extensive study of high-precision QCD is
described in a separate paper [4].
This combination of experiments represents an integrated program aimed at discovery of new
physics. At the same time, each of these experiments will provide a wide array of interesting and
valuable measurements within the Standard Model. The program is very physics rich and will provide
opportunities for many physicists. The result is a compelling opportunity for the future.
2 The Discovery Potential of Fixed-Target Charm
2.1 Introduction
As mentioned, there was a very successful fixed-target charm program at the Fermilab Tevatron [5].
Not only did it provide high precision measurements (some of which remain the most precise even
today), but it also advanced flavor physics thinking in a way that still underlies many current analyses.
It also demonstrated the utility of precision vertexing for heavy flavor physics, paving the way for2
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Adams, T.; Appel, J. A.; Arms, K. E.; Balantekin, A. B.; Conrad, J. M.; Cooper, P. S. et al. Renaissance of the ~ 1-TeV Fixed-Target Program, article, December 2, 2011; United States. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc830937/m1/2/: accessed July 18, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.