Demonstration of LED Retrofit Lamps at the Smithsonian American Art Museum, Washington, DC Page: 25 of 54
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levels for easy viewing. The museum director, curators, and lighting designer have agreed on a total
target light level in this gallery of 150 to 250 lux (15 to 25 footcandles (fc)) vertical for oil paintings and
75 lux on very light sensitive works on paper, both limits including 50 to 60 lux (5 to 6 fc) vertical of
wallwashing. No dimming is used in these galleries, and lights operate 11.5 hours per day, 365 days per
year. Daylighting has been almost eliminated from the gallery, although a glow is visible through the
carefully screened window openings. Ambient floor illuminance is 50 to 60 lux (5 to 6 fc).
The gallery's initial incandescent and/or halogen lamping is shown in Table 2, as is the LED lamping.
Notice that there was no one-for-one replacement of lamp types, since there were no LED lamps that were
exact duplicates of the original lamps. Even though the numbers and types of lamps used changed, they
produced very similar visual effects and light levels. The total connected lighting load dropped from 3.9
W/ft2 to 1.2 W/ft2 as a consequence of redesign using LED replacement lamps.11
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Miller, Naomi J. & Rosenfeld, Scott M. Demonstration of LED Retrofit Lamps at the Smithsonian American Art Museum, Washington, DC, report, June 22, 2012; Richland, Washington. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc828649/m1/25/: accessed July 18, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.