Cooperative Grain Marketing by Local Warehouses and Elevators in the Pacific North West Page: III
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Summary
NINETY-EIGHT farmers' coop-
erative elevators and ware-
houses now operating in the wheat-
producing sections of Washington,
Oregon, and northern Idaho play
an important part in the marketing
of grain at local shipping points in
this area. Sixty of these organiza-
tions which were studied during
the 3 crop years 1934-35 to 1936-
37, had nearly 8,000 members in
1937 and handled more than 31,-
000,000 bushels of grain at 209
local shipping points. They varied
greatly in size of membership and
volume of grain handled. In 1937
membership ranged from 19 to 673
and volume from 124,000 bushels to
1,773,000.
Grain is handled both in bulk
and in sacks. Bulk harvesting and
handling has been increasing be-
cause it requires less labor and
expense, particularly in sections
where the farm land is not too
rolling. Of the grain moving out
of warehouses in 1936-37, half was
in bulk. Less than half of the
grain was handled in bulk on
farms during the same year. The
transition in handling methods
has brought about the need for
bulk handling facilities to replace
obsolete flat houses or for the con-
version of flat houses into make-
shift elevators.
Because only a small part of the
grain is stored on farms, there
is need for elevators and warehouses
of large capacity at local shippingpoints. Cooperative grain associ-
ations have met this need to a
large extent. In 1937 the average
capacity per association was more
than half a million bushels. How-
ever, in years when grain produc-
tion was larger than average and
in some others during the peak of
the grain movement, there was
still not enough room to house all
grain as it was delivered.
Such warehousing operations,
including only the physical
handling and storing of grain,
are unique as compared with local
grain operations in other grain-
growing regions of the United
States. Here, in contrast with
other regions, warehousing opera-
tions provide the main source
of income for the grain associa-
tions. Providing a local market
for grain is a separate and distinct
function.
In addition to warehousing and
marketing grain, cooperative ele-
vator and warehouse associations
in the Pacific Northwest render
their patrons the service of making
extensive advances on warehouse
receipts covering grain in storage.
Advances also are made to growers,
pending final settlement, on grain
sold on the basis of coast weights
and grades.
The associations increased the
value of their total assets during
the period studied from an average
of about $73,000 to almost $90,000.
Investment in fixed assets for these- III -
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Ratcliffe Harry E. Cooperative Grain Marketing by Local Warehouses and Elevators in the Pacific North West, book, April 1940; Washington D.C.. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc799669/m1/3/: accessed July 16, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.