Radiation Effects Research Foundation five year strategic research plan and program management, 1997-2001 Page: 20 of 152
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542 bomb survivors with that from other exposed populations enables us to examine some of these
543 issues, such as dose rate effects and risk transfer. Under the terms of a contract with the NCI,
544 RERF is working with Russian and US scientists on documenting, updating, and improving the
545 data on cohorts of Russian nuclear workers and the general population exposed to large radiation
546 doses as a result of low-dose rate chronic exposures from the operation of the Mayak plutonium
547 production plant located in the Southern Urals. An important part of this work will be the
548 preparation of initial reports on cancer risk estimates for these cohorts together with some
549 (limited) comparison of these estimates with those seen in the LSS. The initial contract will
550 continue until September of 1998. This contract may be extended for several more years
551 depending upon the results of current work and the availability of funds.
552
553 Work being carried out at RERF on a multi-population comparison of breast cancer risks
554 following radiation exposure in six cohorts, including the LSS, should be completed within the
555 next year.
556
557 Trends in Hiroshima and Nagasaki cancer incidence
558
559 As noted earlier, RERF operates tumor registries in cooperation with the medical
560 associations in Hiroshima city and Nagasaki city and prefecture. The linkage between these
561 general population registries, which are regarded as among the best in Japan, and the LSS, in-
562 utero, and F, cohort data is important to the conduct of RERF research. The registries also
563 provide useful information on cancer risks in the Hiroshima and Nagasaki populations. While the
564 Hiroshima and Nagasaki registry data are routinely published in IARC's Cancer Incidence in Five
565 Continents volumes, the effort devoted to analysis and publication of these data has been limited
566 (especially in Hiroshima). Over the next five years we will produce a series of short bilingual
567 reports on trends in cancer incidence in these cities and develop procedures for the routine
568 production of summary reports on the status of the registries and the nature of the accumulating
569 data.
570
571 Noncancer Studies
572
573 Noncancer mortality dose response
574
575 The evidence for a significant association between radiation and noncancer mortality is
576 becoming stronger as the follow-up of the LSS cohort continues. Excess risks are seen not only
577 for cardiovascular disease mortality but also for other broad categories of noncancer disease
578 mortality. LSS Report 12 Part 2, which will be completed within the next year, will describe the
579 basic nature of this effect while addressing the uncertainties and limitations of the mortality data.
580 Over the next five years it will be important to extend the mortality follow-up through at least
581 1995 and to carry out further investigations aimed at clarifying, to the extent possible, issues
582 related to the shape of the dose response and patterns of the excess risk with regard to sex, age
583 and time. Additional follow-up may also help to determine if there are cause-specific differences
584 in risk. Because of the paucity of known biological mechanisms for a radiation effect on
585 noncancer disease we must continue to look for factors that might lead to a spurious association
586 between radiation exposure and noncancer disease mortality in the LSS.
587
588 There is a highly significant excess risk for noncancer diseases of the blood, with the13
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Radiation Effects Research Foundation five year strategic research plan and program management, 1997-2001, report, October 31, 1997; Washington D.C.. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc716813/m1/20/: accessed July 16, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.