Engineered Microbial Consortium for the Efficient Conversion of Biomass to Biofuels Page: 30
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A. fermentans and the addition of yeast boosted the growth of A. fermentans. As noted by Zuroff
and Curtis [134], these examples demonstrate the possibility of using genetic engineering to create
a symbiotic cooperation between microorganisms for chemical production. In a similar manner,
combining the capabilities of natural consortia with genetic engineering could be used to develop
efficient biofuel producing consortia.
The ideal biofuel producing microorganism (IBPM) must possess a number of independent
characteristics:
(i) It must be able to hydrolyze cellulosic materials effectively, with minimal
requirement for pre-processing
(ii) It must be able to convert the sugars released into molecules useful as liquid fuels
and/or chemical industry feedstocks.
(iii) It must be able to produce these molecules at a high concentration without
poisoning itself, in order to minimize downstream processing costs; and
(iv) It must be capable of rapid growth in a bioreactor and suitable in other aspects for
use in an industrial context. [143]. Synthetic biology aims to construct novel
biological systems from smaller components [143].
This program outlined above is shown in the concept of BioBricks [144]: modular,
interchangeable DNA components, which due to the use of a combination of restriction sites
generating compatible and incompatible sticky ends, can be assembled in any order and in any
desired number to generate complex multi-gene systems. A great deal has been learned about the
nature of microbial biomass degradation systems. Efforts to transfer such systems to heterologous
hosts have not been completely successful, though some progress has been made [145].
Commercial biomass conversions are principally of two types, which are (i) The
Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) system in which cellulases are added to a
bioreactor with cellulose degradation and is concurrent with glucose assimilation and product
formation and (ii) Consolidated Bioprocessing (CBP) in which a single organism produces30
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Anieto, Ugochukwu Obiakornobi. Engineered Microbial Consortium for the Efficient Conversion of Biomass to Biofuels, dissertation, August 2014; Denton, Texas. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc699973/m1/41/: accessed July 17, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; .