Engineered Microbial Consortium for the Efficient Conversion of Biomass to Biofuels Page: 10
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Glucose
ATP
ADP
Glucose-6-phosphate
NAD/NADP
6-phosphogluconic acid2-Keto-3-deoxy-6-phosphogluconic
acidGlyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
P _NAD
+NADH
1,3-diphosphoglycerate
ADP
3- hs h-yeaATP
3-PhosphoglyceratePyruvate
2-Phosphoglycerate
-- P-H2O
Phosphoenol pyruvate
5 * ATP
Pyr-uvate
Acetaldehyde
i NADH
Ethanol
Figure 1.2: Entner-Doudoroff pathway in Z. mobilis. Adapted from [1]1.6 Glucose-Fructose Oxidoreductase (GFOR)
Glucose-fructose oxidoreductase (GFOR) is an NADP-containing enzyme that is unique
to Z. mobilis [32]. The enzyme whose matured version is located in the periplasm converts glucose
to gluconolactone and fructose to sorbitol. Gluconolactone is then converted by gluconolactonase,
another periplasmic enzyme, to gluconic acid [33, 34, and 35]. The physiological role of GFOR is
the provision of sorbitol, a novel compatible solute for bacteria [33]. When cells are stressed with
high sugar concentrations (either physiological sugars or maltose, which is not taken up or
metabolized), they accumulate sorbitol intracellularly up to 1M [36] to counteract the detrimental10
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Anieto, Ugochukwu Obiakornobi. Engineered Microbial Consortium for the Efficient Conversion of Biomass to Biofuels, dissertation, August 2014; Denton, Texas. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc699973/m1/21/: accessed July 17, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; .