Engineered Microbial Consortium for the Efficient Conversion of Biomass to Biofuels Page: 8
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and dry milled corn as well as corn, milo, and wheat mixtures as feedstock. Corn was found easier
to ferment than milo at production rates in excess of 0.25% h-1 ethanol with fermentation
completed within 3 6-40 hours in comparison to a typical yeast fermentation of 52-70 hours [28].
Murugan and Rajendran [29] compared ethanol production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Z.
mobilis using Agave leaves. Results indicated that the Agave leaves containing Z. mobilis yielded
maximum ethanol (5%) whereas only 4% ethanol was recorded with Agave leaves containing S.
cerevisiae. An unpublished study by Anieto and Allen also compared ethanol yield of Z. mobilis
and S. cerevisiae when using waste cola syrup as substrate and preliminary results suggest that Z
mobilis utilizes the cola syrup faster, yielding up to 7% ethanol from 25% waste cola syrup within
72 hours while S. cerevisiae grows slower [30]. Currenty there exist two industrial processes of
ethanol production using this microorganism: the 'Glucotech Process' by the Australian research
group at the University of Queensland and the 'Bio-Hol Process' by the Canadian research group
at the University of Toronto [31]. Figure 1.1 below shows the central metabolic pathway of Z.
mobilis as well as the engineered pathways. Blue represents the engineered pathway while red
represents missing enzymes from the ZM4 sugar metabolic pathway. Figure 1.2 shows the Entner-
Doudoroff pathway of sugar metabolism.8
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Anieto, Ugochukwu Obiakornobi. Engineered Microbial Consortium for the Efficient Conversion of Biomass to Biofuels, dissertation, August 2014; Denton, Texas. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc699973/m1/19/: accessed July 17, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; .