Achievement Orientation and Learned Helplessness in Women Page: 1
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ACHIEVEMENT ORIENTATION AND LEARNED
HELPLESSNESS IN WOMEN
The impact of sex-role definitions on female achieve-
ment striving in American culture permeates almost all of
our social institutions. While females show high achieve-
ment compared to males during the school years, there has
been growing concern expressed about the low rates of
achievement shown by females in adulthood. This phenomenon
has been related to sex-role definitions. A sex-role is a
role which is culturally defined as appropriate or "natural"
for a sex. Some of the factors contributing to phenomena
such as societal sex-role stereotypes and attitudes are
external to the woman herself, but may create barriers to
her aspirations (O'Leary, 1974). O'Leary also suggests in-
ternal factors such as fear of failure, low self-esteem, and
role conflict, as well as the perceived consequences and
incentives for engaging in achievement-related behaviors,
may stifle female achievement. Stein and Bailey (1973)
propose in their monograph on the socialization of achieve-
ment orientation in females that cultural sex-role defi-
nitions may lead many females to show motivation in areas
that are more sex appropriate than areas of intellectual
superiority or leadership. Stein and Bailey review research1
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Beckham, Barbara J. Achievement Orientation and Learned Helplessness in Women, thesis, May 1975; Denton, Texas. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc663047/m1/4/: accessed July 17, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; .