Experiment Station Record, Volume 74, January-June, 1936 Page: 39
xx, 1029 p. ; 24 cm.View a full description of this book.
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1936] HORTICULTURE 39
trees set 40 ft. apart, indicated on the whole that filler apples had been profitable
up to the end of the twelfth growing season. Of the six varieties used
as fillers, namely, Arkansas, Winesap, Stayman Winesap, Wealthy, Mcintosh,
and Grimes Golden, all except Wealthy required restrictive pruning at the
end of the twelfth season. However, the tendency of Wealthy toward biennial
fruiting reduced its value as a filler tree. McIntosh proved desirable because
of its early fruiting and higher selling value. The author believes that
McIntosh and Stayman Winesap could be maintained until the end of the
fifteenth year and Grimes Golden and Wealthy perhaps a year or two longer.
Filler apple trees, C. W. ELLENWOOD (Ohio State Hort. Soc. Proc., 68 (1935),
pp. 112-120).-A popular discussion based on the above study.
Removal of spray residues from apples, D. E. H. FREAR and H. N. WonTHLEY
(Pennsylvania Sta. Bul. 318 (1935), pp. 13, figs. 3).-Stating that spray
residues exceeded the legal tolerance in many instances in 1934 in Pennsylvania,
the authors report the results of analyses of about 500 samples of
apples subjected to different cleansing treatments.
Dry brushing was not found satisfactory, and in fact certain lots had more
residue after brushing than before. Hand dipping gave fair results but is
conceded to be practicable only in the case of small quantities. Flotation
washers gave good results even with cold acid washes when the residues were
not too great or complicated by heavy applications of oil. Washers provided
with brushes were the most effective of all types tested.
Tests of alkaline and acid wash solutions indicated that under Pennsylvania
conditions dilute solutions of hydrochloric acid are most effective. Concentrations
above 2 percent by weight of hydrochloric acid tended to injure the
fruit; 1.5 percent was considered most satisfactory. Heating the washing
solution to 1000 F. increased greatly its cleansing capacity and is recommended
for fruits difficult to cleanse. The addition of common, salt interfered with
the removal of lead residues. Varieties differed markedly in their ease of
washing, the Stayman Winesap and Smokehouse cleansing most readily, with
Hubbardston the most difficult variety. When the fruit was properly rinsed,
washing with dilute hydrochloric acid apparently did not impair keeping
qualities.
The technic of preparing washing solutions is discussed, and a brief description
by A. W. Clyde is included of a small home-made flotation washer.
Study of the removal of spray residues from apples, D. E . H. REAR and
H. N. WORTTLEY (Jour. Agr. Res. [UT. S.], 51 (1935), No. 1, pp. 61-74).-This is a
technical presentation of the information noted above.
Harvesting and storage of McIntosh and Fameuse apples, M. B. DAvIs
and D. S. BLAIR (Canad. Hort. and Home Mag., 58 (1935), No. 9, pp. 205, 206,
figs. 2).-Studies at the Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, indicated that McIntosh
and Fameuse apples keep best when harvested at the time the flesh
gives refractometer readings of 13 and 12 to 12.5 percent, respectively. The
iodine-starch test was also useful in establishing proper picking dates, and
certain physical factors, such as seed color, fruit color and size, and ease
of separation from the spur are described as useful indexes to maturity. The
holding of Fameuse apples more than 48 hr. after picking and before storage
resulted in a marked increase in internal break-down. In the case of immature
apples, storage at 30 and 32 F. increased the amount of scald as compared
with 36 or 40, but fruit picked at the proper stage did not show these
differences. Although 40 was a safe temperature for McIntosh, it was apparently
too high to prevent ripening in storage. McIntosh apples held in a
7.5 percent carbon dioxide atmosphere at 38 or 40 kept better than fruits
in normal air.
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A topical, alphabetically arranged index to volumes 71-80 including experiment station records, publications reviewed, and foreign publications. In has a list of all editorial notes from the referenced volumes.
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United States. Office of Experiment Stations. Experiment Station Record, Volume 74, January-June, 1936, book, 1937; Washington D.C.. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5082/m1/59/: accessed July 16, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.