The Effectiveness of an Electronic-Mail Campaign to Modify Stress Levels, Mood States, and Coping Techniques Among Employed Adults Page: 17
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In the workplace, measurements of physiological indices, such as increased heart rate,
blood pressure, or secretion of catecolamines and cortisol in the bloodstream, may be indications
of stressful environments and failed coping strategies (Herd, 1988). However, it is often difficult
to attribute the effects of job stress, per se, versus stable, transitory, and / or procedural
mitigating factors (Rowland, Ferris, Fried, & Sutton, 1988). Stable factors like family history,
gender, and age must be considered in accounting for physiological differences among research
participants. In an ideal experimental situation, transitory factors such as time of day,
temperature, postural position, and caffeine and nicotine intake would be controlled, as would
procedural factors like number and time between physiological measurements (Rowland, Ferris,
Fried, & Sutton, 1988).
The measurement of physiological variables in large-scale studies is both costly and
logistically impractical, a fact which makes attractive the self-reporting of stress perceptions
(Pennebaker & Watson, 1988). Because self-reported perceptions of stress, the physical
symptoms, and the negative emotionality reflect the same underlying construct, it seems logical
that one could choose only one of three possible methods of measurement to get the same desired
result- a determination of stress (Pennebaker & Watson, 1988). Self-reports, while highly
correlated with each other, are only weakly correlated with specific physiological indicators of
stress (Pennebaker & Watson, 1988). However, self-reports may be more highly correlated with
general physiological indicators (Pennebaker & Watson, 1988).
Stress and mental health. Stress appears to be related to mental health issues even in
studies where a number of potentially confounding variables are taken into consideration
(Tyssen, Vaglum, Gronvold, & Ekeberg, 2000). Documented psychological manifestations of
the stress response include affective disorders, diffuse anxiety, manic behavior patterns, brief17
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Hoke, Cassandra N. The Effectiveness of an Electronic-Mail Campaign to Modify Stress Levels, Mood States, and Coping Techniques Among Employed Adults, dissertation, August 2003; Denton, Texas. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4262/m1/22/: accessed July 17, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; .