Design and Analysis of Novel Verifiable Voting Schemes Page: 5
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LEASU/Figure 1.2: The Australian ballot. The ballot from an 1893 Iowa City municipal election.
punch a card (ballot) in a proper place to make a hole (Fig. 1.4). This hole was counted
as a vote. While it sounds quite simple, the punch cards had one major problem called a
chad, a piece of paper that wasn't removed completely from a card. Such chads
prevented machines to count votes appropriately.
The presidential race between Democrat Al Gore, Jr. and Republican George W.
Bush in 2000 was one of the most controversial and close-call election in the American
history. Since the outcome wasn't clear the U.S. Supreme Court defined a winner by
recounting of ballots in Florida. The final tally showed that Bush lost the popular vote by
500,00 votes [3], but won the Electoral College by a margin of 483 votes [4]. The study
[5] showed that punch card machines had higher average residual vote rates than any
other voting system.5
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Yestekov, Yernat. Design and Analysis of Novel Verifiable Voting Schemes, thesis, December 2013; Denton, Texas. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc407785/m1/10/: accessed July 17, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; .