The state of the art in environmental pollution control and impact analysis Page: 69
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69
The Council further estimated that the total annual
cost of air pollution abatement would be $4.7 billion by
1975.15 This estimate includes capital investment, interest,
operations, and maintenance. It estimates, on the other hand,
that the economic losses that this program will prevent will
total at least $16 billion annually.16 This amounts to a
cost-benefit ratio of roughly 3 to 1.
2. Water pollution abatement costs.--The costs of
water pollution are probably even more difficult to estimate
than the costs of air pollution. Who can measure and quantify
the "aesthetic" or social costs of a polluted beach or a
"smoggy" sunset? Hodges questions whether it is even valid
to try to express these costs in monetary terms.17
An official estimate by the Council on Environmental
Quality sets $121.3 billion as the price for cleaning up the
United States' water over the next ten years. 18 The total
annualized costs (i.e., costs of capital investment, operation,
and maintenance) to meet federal water quality standards were
estimated at $5.8 billion annually in 1975. This amounts to
about $25 per person. Siguard Grava19 has estimated that
$100-110 billion will be required by the year 2000 to obtain
15Ibid. 16Ibid.7Hodges, p. 138.
18Council on Environmental Quality, Fifth Annual Report,
p. 107.
19Ibid.
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Thibodeaux, Mary Shepherd. The state of the art in environmental pollution control and impact analysis, dissertation, May 1976; Denton, Texas. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332517/m1/77/: accessed July 17, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; .