An Investigation of the Relationship Among Occupational Opportunities for Women, Marriage, and Fertility Page: 31
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31
report a negative relationship between fertility and female
labor-force participation. But we need to understand the
nature of the causal relationship if we are to formulate
effective social policy. The assumption is that increased
female labor-force participation will lower the birth rate,
but it is also possible that a lowered birth rate will lead
to increased female labor-force participation. At this
point, the nature of the causal sequence is in question, and,
if lower fertility leads to increased female labor-force
participation, then encouraging women to enter the labor
market may not affect fertility. If a population policy is
based on female labor-force participation, then knowledge
of the relationship between these two variables is impera-
tive.
It is possible that these two variables influence and
act on each other. In a recent study by Waite and Stolzen-
burg (36), an attempt has been made to clarify the relation-
ship.
Demographers, sociologists, economists and feminists
have recently devoted a great deal of attention to
the relationship between labor force participation and
fertility of American women. The motivation for recent
research and speculation on the relationship has ranged
from purely academic theory construction to rather
hard-nosed thinking about the feasibility of implement-
ing national population policy by manipulating job
opportunities for women. While there is widespread
concensus that understanding the relationship between
labor force particpation and fertility is important,
there seems to be little agreement about the nature of
the link between these two aspects of a woman's behavior
(36, p. 235).
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Ross, Patricia A. An Investigation of the Relationship Among Occupational Opportunities for Women, Marriage, and Fertility, dissertation, May 1977; Denton, Texas. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc330883/m1/40/: accessed July 17, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; .