An Investigation of the Relationship Among Occupational Opportunities for Women, Marriage, and Fertility Page: 21
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21
society served the class interests of the bourgeoisie"
(1, p. 1), and, in this way, Marx defines overpopulation as
those whose labor its exploited and who are frequently un-
employed.
The Malthusian-Marxist argument was still evident when
historical events of the twentieth century sharpened the
debate. The early part of the twentieth century saw the
transition of Marxism from ideology into practice. "The
Communist revolutions enshrined Marx as a social prophet and
endowed his polemical critique of Malthus with dogmatic
status, thus reviving ideological controversies that had long
been dormant" (1, p. 11). At the same time, the Western
world was experiencing economic and political change that
ultimately led to declining death rates while birth rates
remained somewhat unchanged. The end result was worldwide
population increase. The controversy, stirred anew, stimu-
lated further theoretical developments in the study of
population (1, p. 12).
One of the first reactions was the formulation of the
demographic-transition theory. Convinced that neither
Malthus nor Marx could adequately explain population growth
or trends, a group of demographers began collecting available
data on world population trends. Originally intended to
explain the relationship between population trends and tech-
nology and to predict future developments, the theory has
become more of a heuristic device than a predictive tool.
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Ross, Patricia A. An Investigation of the Relationship Among Occupational Opportunities for Women, Marriage, and Fertility, dissertation, May 1977; Denton, Texas. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc330883/m1/30/: accessed July 17, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; .