An Investigation of the Relationship Among Occupational Opportunities for Women, Marriage, and Fertility Page: 18
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18
The Development of Social Demography as a
Theoretical Perspective
The emergence of social demography as a theoretical per-
spective is a recent development. However, the process by
which social demography developed has intellectual roots in
the eighteenth century. Early demographic work displayed
divergent trends which are still evident. The trends are
mathematical demography and social demography. Mathematical
demographers concern themselves with population size and
movement through the mathematical manipulation of three
variables: births, deaths, and migration. At a time when
the projections calculated by mathematical demographers
yielded inaccurate results, social demographers began includ-
ing social—psychological variables in calculating population
projections. The inclusion of sociocultural and economic
variables in the study of fertility grew in importance, and
the perspective is now known as social demography.
There have been numerous studies in recent years which
have examined variables that influence fertility. A macre
3-n<^lysis often involves either a Malthusian or Marxist per-
spective. The Demographic Transition Theory also provides
a macro-level analysis. Several large scale attempts have
focused on social—psychological variables influencing fer-
tility behavior. Concomitant to this investigation has been
a growing interest in "social demography." Realizing that
fertility behavior is influenced by the social environment,
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Ross, Patricia A. An Investigation of the Relationship Among Occupational Opportunities for Women, Marriage, and Fertility, dissertation, May 1977; Denton, Texas. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc330883/m1/27/: accessed July 17, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; .