Assessment of Visual Memory and Learning by Selective Reminding Page: 5
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since retrieval from long term memory on any subsequent
attempt shows storage on or before the trial on which that
item was last presented (Buschke, 1974b).
Buschke (1974c) has shown that recall failures during
free recall verbal learning represent retrieval failures
rather than loss of information about items from long term
storage. Subjects learned lists of 20 items by restricted
reminding in which only those items not yet recalled at all
were presented on each trial. Most of the recall failures
were retrieved again on some subsequent trial without further
presentation, indicating that the item had been stored in
long term memory, and that most recall failures represented
retrieval failures rather than loss of items from long term
storage.
Retrieval of items can be increased by extended recall
in which the subject is given enough time, and is encouraged
to recall some more items after additional retrieval seemed
difficult or impossible (Buschke, 1974b; Fuld & Buschke, 1976).
Buschke has used lists of items from single categories
(animals, clothing) in order to facilitate retrieval from
permanent storage, and also lists of unrelated items. There
is little difference between findings for related and unrer
lated items (Buschke, 1974c). When aggressive recall proce-
dures are used and many of the lists are drawn from single
categories, the question is raised as to whether subject
responses represent learning or guessing. Increased guessing
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Cummins, Shirley Jean. Assessment of Visual Memory and Learning by Selective Reminding, dissertation, August 1983; Denton, Texas. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc330808/m1/13/: accessed July 17, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; .