The Application of Hackman and Oldham's Job Characteristic Model to Perceptions Community Music School Faculty Have Towards Their Job Page: 20
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skill requirements, and increased managerial control, all
of which would aid in the increase of profits. Second,
workers would be motivated by increased economic rewards,
which would be possible because of the increased
productivity.
Underlying Taylor's ideas was a hypothesis now referred
to as "Theory X" which asserts that people are alienated
from their work, wish to avoid high levels of effort, are
motivated solely or largely by pay, and distrust management
(Nicholson, 1998). Taylor (1911) claimed that the
advantages of scientific management were: (a) minimized
labor costs, (b) standardized work procedures to simplify
administrative control, and (c) increased work efficiency
through specialization.
Because the scientific management approach did not prove
to increase employee productivity, researchers continued
their inquiry, which led to the now famous Hawthorne
studies. These studies, a series of human relation studies
conducted at the Hawthorne plant of the Western Electric
Company in Chicago, Illinois from 1927 to 1933, initiated
the concern of industrial psychologists with the
measurement, interpretation and implications of job
attitudes. The results of these studies, as reported by20
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Lawrence, Robert M. The Application of Hackman and Oldham's Job Characteristic Model to Perceptions Community Music School Faculty Have Towards Their Job, dissertation, August 2001; Denton, Texas. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2885/m1/30/: accessed July 17, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; .