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Bioenerg. Res.
DOI 10.1007/s12155-012-9292-1Standardization of Switchgrass Sample Collection for Cell
Wall and Biomass Trait Analysis
C. Frank Hardin . Chunxiang Fu . Hiroshi Hisano *
Xirong Xiao * Hui Shen . C. Neal Stewart Jr.
Wayne Parrott * Richard A. Dixon. Zeng-Yu Wang
The Author(s) 2013. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.comAbstract As a native, low-input crop with high biomass
production, switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) has become a
favorable feedstock for the production of cellulosic biofuels
in the United States. Many efforts are being made to im-
prove the production of cellulosic biofuels from switch-
grass. Protocols regarding analysis of switchgrass biomass
have been established; however, the developmental stage of
the materials being analyzed has varied depending on
researchers' discretion, and no standardized harvesting pro-
cedure has been defined. Developmental stages have a large
impact on the results of biochemical analyses. We propose a
standardized procedure for switchgrass sample collection
for cell wall and biomass analyses by describing various
developmental stages of switchgrass, defining the R1 stage
C. F. Hardin " C. Fu " H. Hisano * X. Xiao Z.-Y. Wang (E))
Forage Improvement Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble
Foundation, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway,
Ardmore 73401 OK, USA
e-mail: zywang@noble.org
H. Shen " R. A. Dixon
Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation,
2510 Sam Noble Parkway,
Ardmore 73401 OK, USA
C. N. Stewart Jr.
Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee,
2431 Joe Johnson Drive,
Tennessee 37996 TN, USA
W. Parrott
Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, The University of Georgia,
111 Riverbend Road,
Athens 30602 GA, USA
C. F. Hardin . H. Hisano X. Xiao H. Shen . C. N. Stewart Jr.
W. Parrott - R. A. Dixon " Z.-Y. Wang
BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory,
Oak Ridge 37831 TN, USAPublished online: 17 January 2013
as the stage at which tillers should be collected, and provid-
ing a detailed description of how and what material should
be analyzed. Such a standardized procedure will help to
maintain consistency in switchgrass evaluation methods,
enable comparisons of data obtained from different
approaches and studies, and facilitate efforts towards
improving switchgrass as a bioenergy crop.
Keywords Switchgrass - Panicum virgatum - Sample
collection - Developmental stage - Cellulosic biofuels
Introduction
Biofuels derived from non-grain lignocellulosic feedstocks
with high biomass production are a promising source for
renewable energy and have the potential to meet a signifi-
cant portion of the world's transportation fuel demand with
much less negative environmental impact than fossil fuels
[1, 2]. Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) is a perennial, C4
warm-season grass native to North America. For years, it
has been used for land conservation programs and as a
forage crop due to its low agronomic input requirements
and environmental benefits [3-5], and more recently, has
been chosen as a favorable feedstock for the production of
cellulosic biofuels by the US Department of Energy [6, 7].
Switchgrass is an erect, high biomass-producing bunch-
grass that can reach heights of 4 m. It grows as a 'clonal
modular organism' [8] in which tillers, consisting of stem,
nodes, intemodes, leaf blade and sheath, axillary bud, and
ligule, form the main growing module [3]. An individual
plant is composed of a population of tillers at various
vegetative and reproductive stages of development. Switch-
grass is a highly self-incompatible, outcrossing species [5]
with a diffuse panicle type seedhead containing spikelets
arranged at the end of long branches [9].
1 Springer
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Hardin, C. Frank; Fu, Chunxiang; Hisano, Hiroshi; Xiao, Xirong; Shen, Hui; Stewart, C. Neal et al. Standardization of Switchgrasss Sample Collection for Cell Wall and Biomass Trait Analysis, article, January 17, 2013; [Berlin, Germany]. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279690/m1/1/: accessed July 16, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT College of Arts and Sciences.