Exploring Psychological Intimate Partner Violence Using Brief Expressive Writing Essays Page: 1
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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a prevalent social and health concern with long-term
effects. IPV is any physical violence, sexual violence, stalking, or psychological aggression
committed by an intimate partner (Brieding et al., 2015). One in three women and one in four
men experience victimization within their lifetimes (Coker et al., 2002). For example, across
countries, similar rates are reported: 30-34% of women between the ages of 15-49 report IPV
victimization across their lifetime (Muluneh et al., 2021), with most of these women reporting
these first encounters before the age of twenty-five (CDC, 2012). Undergraduate college students
exhibit similar prevalence rates of IPV (Bushong, 2018; Spadine et al., 2020). However, some
research suggests rates as high as 52% for college student lifetime victimization (Fantasia et al.,
2018). Within the United States, IPV is the leading cause of physical violence experienced by
adults and adolescents (Heyman et al., 2015).
Over the past few decades, research in IPV has extended to include domestic violence,
dating violence, marital abuse, partner aggression, and partner violence (Childress et al., 2017;
Hines & Douglas, 2015; Hughes et al., 2016). IPV persists as a significant clinical concern
across cultures, socio-economic status, gender, and sexuality (Al-Modallal et al., 2001; Bryant-
Davis et al., 2010; Haze et al., 2008; Karakurt & Silver, 2013; Lacey et al., 2015; Yoshihama etal., 2009). Considering the universality of IPV, intervention and research directives must
recognize that no one type of victim exists.
The universality of IPV is particularly relevant when assessing psychological IPV. Even
though research underestimates non-physical abuse (Straus, 1999), the literature suggests it is as
pervasive as physical IPV, negatively impacting mental and physical health outcomes (Potter et1
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Laajala, Allison. Exploring Psychological Intimate Partner Violence Using Brief Expressive Writing Essays, dissertation, December 2023; Denton, Texas. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2256939/m1/8/: accessed July 17, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; .