A Leadership Framework to Raise Teacher Engagement Page: 17
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Transformational Leadership
Bass (1985) states transformational leadership is the favored style of leadership because it
is assumed to produce above normal results. The style of transformational leadership can be
defined as one best describes the ability of a leader to capture the willing following of teacher
and staff members by charismatic style and visionary skills (Li, 2020). Transformational leaders
capitalize on connecting with followers' beliefs and values and in return instilling great
motivation and engagement from those who follow. Transformational leadership has evolved to
include these seven specific characteristics: (a) building school vision and establishing school
goals, (b) providing intellectual stimulation, (c) offering individual support, (d) modeling best
practices and organizational values, (e) demonstrating high performance expectations, (f)
establishing a positive school culture, and (g) developing structures to engage stakeholders in
school decisions (Leithwood et al., 2006). This is articulated in a more simplified definition
referred to as the four "I"s: idealized influence, inspirational motivation, individualized
consideration, and intellectual stimulation (Bass, 1985).
Bass defines a leader who provides idealized influence as one who "gives personalized
attention to members who seem neglected" (Bass, 1990, p. 218). Intellectual stimulation is
defined as allowing "followers to think of old problems in new ways" (Bass, 1990, p. 218).
"Communication of high-performance expectations" is the definition of inspirational motivation(Bass, 1990, p. 218). Idealized influence is the leader's ability to guide followers through their
personal achievements and character.
Transformational leaders have most recently been defined by four core leadership
practices: setting direction, developing people, redesigning the organization, and improving the
instructional program (Leithwood & Sun, 2012). Setting direction is best defined as establishing17
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O'Bara, Susannah Holbert. A Leadership Framework to Raise Teacher Engagement, dissertation, May 2023; Denton, Texas. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2137579/m1/28/: accessed July 18, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; .