Black Male Collegiate Football Players' Experiences of Racial Mistreatment and Its Effects: A Qualitative Analysis Page: 3
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negatively affect subordinate groups) racism (Beamon, 2014; Cooper, 2016; Feagin & Feagin,
2012). For example, athletic teams often require Black athletes to conform to what is deemed a
part of the "team culture," which in reality may be a reflection of the white dominant culture. In
a recent external review at the University of Iowa, many Black football players felt like they
were isolated, targeted, and unwelcome on their team and within the larger athletic department
(Husch Blackwell, 2020).
Throughout their decades of involvement in collegiate sports, Black male athletes have
been deliberately and systematically exploited for their athletic skills and talent and sold a
narrative that promised they would achieve success and social mobility through their college
education (Brooks & Althouse, 2013). However, Black male college athletes generally are not
recruited with the intention of achieving academic success; rather, they are recruited to provide
PWIs with athletic labor to generate revenue, enhance visibility, and expand institutional
reputations through their success in sport (Cooper, 2016; Ross v. Creighton University, 1990;
Taylor v. Wake Forest University, 1972). This exploitation also communicates the narrative that
Black men's worth is based within their athletic abilities (Beamon, 2008). For example, some
Black male college athletes reported being identified solely by their athletic status on campus
(Cooper & Hawkins, 2014) despite holding many identities (e.g., athlete, student, male) and
having numerous responsibilities (e.g., constant balancing of many roles, pressure to grow up
quickly and make difficult life decisions; Sadberry & Mobley, 2013). Further perpetuating this
stereotype, Black male college athletes in revenue-producing sports are expected to commit the
majority of their time and effort to athletics (Hyatt, 2003), which pulls them away from devoting
more time and energy to their student roles. Consequently, Black male athletes are viewed as
having less intellectual aptitude than their white peers (Harrison & Boyd, 2007; Hodge et al.,3
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Walsh, J. Andy. Black Male Collegiate Football Players' Experiences of Racial Mistreatment and Its Effects: A Qualitative Analysis, dissertation, August 2022; Denton, Texas. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1985324/m1/7/: accessed July 17, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; .