A New Subscale for the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) to Screen Adults for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Page: 71
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to three years (Aita, Sofko, Hill, Musso & Boettcher, 2017; Musso, Hill, Barker, Pella &
Gouvier, 2016; Smith, Cox, Mowle & Edens, 2017; Watson & Liljequist, 2015).
PAI ADHD Feign Detection
The majority of published articles that include the PAI in ADHD diagnosis aim to detect
feigning of symptomatology (Aita, Sofko, Hill, Musso & Boettcher, 2017; Musso, Hill, Barker,
Pella & Gouvier, 2016; Smith, Cox, Mowle & Edens, 2017). Aita et al., created a scale level
algorithm with a binary logistic regression function to differentiate college students with ADHD
and those who were incentivized to feign ADHD. The Positive Impression (PIM), Schizophrenia
- Thought Disorder (SCZ-T), Antisocial Features - Stimulus Seeking (ANT-S), and Depression
- Cognitive (DEP-C) were included in the new scale, the scale-level Feigned Adult ADHD index
(FAA) (Aita, Sofko, Hill, Musso & Boettcher, 2017). The scale-level FAA was also compared to
the Malingering Index (MAL), Rogers Discriminant Function index (RDF), the Multiscale
Feigning Index (MFI), and the Negative Distortion Scale (NDS) to ensure that the scale-level
FAA had better specificity to those who are feigning ADHD, from those who are feigning other
psychological disorders (Aita, Sofko, Hill, Musso & Boettcher, 2017).
Aita et al. also created an item-level FAA in a similar way to the scale-level FAA. The
feigned ADHD group was not only compared to those who were truly diagnosed with ADHD,
but also to those who were genuinely diagnosed with other disorders, too (Aita Sofko, Hill,
Musso & Boettcher, 2017). The researchers used a forward entry multiple regression to
determine PAI items that should be retained due to their ability to discriminate the ADHD
feigners from those with other true diagnoses. Another binary logistic regression was used to
create the item-level FAA from this data (Aita Sofko, Hill, Musso & Boettcher, 2017). Both the
scale-level FAA and item-level FAA were found to successfully detect those who may have71
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Calmenson, Nina E. A New Subscale for the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) to Screen Adults for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), dissertation, August 2021; Denton, Texas. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1833444/m1/79/: accessed July 17, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; .