A New Subscale for the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) to Screen Adults for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Page: 44
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discriminated between members and nonmembers of a diagnostic group, but also ensured that the
full diagnostic spectrum of the disorder was captured in the scale. Only after items were
considered for bias by a review panel made up of professionals and citizens, and evaluated by
experts in the field of psychological assessment, were items included for empirical evaluation
(Morey, 1991).
I hope that our efforts to create an item-level subtest for an existing assessment
encourages others to utilize this methodology again and for other disorders. Specifically, I
believe that if properly validated, the PAI-ADHD could be utilized for the PAI-Adolescent.
Additionally, I encourage others to replicate our study on other ADHD data sets.
The current study adds to the small body of literature on PAI scale and subscale
elevations due to ADHD symptomatology. My findings are in line with previous studies that
found that ADHD adults may have elevations on Depression, Mania, Schizophrenia, or
Borderline Features scales stemming from their ADHD symptoms (DeLong, 2008; Pancner,
2006; Stewart & Liljequist, 2015, Walker, 2014; Watson & Liljequist, 2015). More research on
the effect of how having ADHD can artificially elevate these scales is needed. It could be that
after ADHD symptoms are controlled, once clinically significant PAI scales could become non-
significant. Indeed, the 11 individuals who were not diagnosed with ADHD and earned scores <
22 on the PAI-ADHD were diagnosed with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (27.30%), Post-
Traumatic Stress Disorder (9.10%), Major Depressive Disorder (27.3%), and Dysthymia
(18.20%).
Limitations
There are a number of limitations to the current study. First, like other studies that
attempted to create supplemental indices for the PAI, the items used to calculate the PAI-ADHD44
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Calmenson, Nina E. A New Subscale for the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) to Screen Adults for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), dissertation, August 2021; Denton, Texas. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1833444/m1/52/: accessed July 17, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; .