A New Subscale for the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) to Screen Adults for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Page: 23
vii, 112 pagesView a full description of this dissertation.
Extracted Text
The following text was automatically extracted from the image on this page using optical character recognition software:
CHAPTER 3
RESULTS
Data Preparation
I performed data cleaning procedures and calculated variables (WURS and CAARS
Subtests) in order to conduct the proposed data analyses. Frequency tables were examined to
confirm that less than 2% of all PAI items and WURS and CAARS subtest data were missing.
Moreover, the data showed to be missing at random (MCAR). I used the "exclude cases
pairwise" option to ensure that participants with missing data on the PAI were only included in
analyses that did not require their missing variables for analysis (Pallant, 2007). Missing data
from the CAARS and WURS were accounted for by replacing missing items with the average of
the items answered, mean imputation (Schlomer, Bauman & Card, 2007; Tabachnik & Fidell,
2013).
I also checked for any univariate outliers on the PAI-ADHD with standardized scores,
because examination of validity is highly sensitive to outliers (Hubert & Olejnik, 2006;
Tabachnik & Fidell, 2007). No outliers were found. I also tested the assumptions of ANCOVA
(i.e., normality of dependent variables, level of measurement, independence of observations, and
homogeneity of variance) (Tabachnick & Fidell, 2007). All assumptions of ANCOVA were met
except for homogeneity of variance. I rejected the null hypothesis due to a significant Levene's
test, F(2,138) = 4.35, p = .02. Therefore, I used the Brown-Forsythe test to determine the
ANCOVA's significance and the Games-Howell Post-Hoc test for pair-wise comparisons
(Tabachnik & Fidell, 2013).
I considered whether significant differences exist across demographic groups to
determine if covariates would be appropriate. Groups significantly differed from each other on23
Upcoming Pages
Here’s what’s next.
Search Inside
This dissertation can be searched. Note: Results may vary based on the legibility of text within the document.
Tools / Downloads
Get a copy of this page or view the extracted text.
Citing and Sharing
Basic information for referencing this web page. We also provide extended guidance on usage rights, references, copying or embedding.
Reference the current page of this Dissertation.
Calmenson, Nina E. A New Subscale for the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) to Screen Adults for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), dissertation, August 2021; Denton, Texas. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1833444/m1/31/: accessed July 17, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; .